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the companies which might

  • 1 éventuellement

    éventuellement [evɑ̃tyεlmɑ̃]
    adverb
    • éventuellement, nous pourrions... we could possibly...
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    * * *
    evɑ̃tɥɛlmɑ̃
    1) ( peut-être) possibly
    2) ( si nécessaire) if necessary
    * * *
    evɑ̃tɥɛlmɑ̃ adv

    Vous croyez qu'on pourrait construire ici? - Eventuellement. — Do you think we could build here? - Possibly.

    les difficultés que vous pourriez éventuellement rencontrer — the difficulties that you might come across, the difficulties that you could possibly come across

    Nous pourrions éventuellement avoir besoin de vous. — We might need you.

    * * *
    éventuellement adv possibly; il y aura Paul et éventuellement Nicole Paul will be there and possibly Nicole; cela pourrait éventuellement servir that might be useful; éventuellement nous prendrons le train we could take the train; ‘tu viendras?’-‘éventuellement’ ‘will you come?’-‘I might’; je relis et éventuellement je corrige I reread and if necessary I correct.
    [evɑ̃tɥɛlmɑ̃] adverbe

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > éventuellement

  • 2 tratar

    v.
    1 to treat (comportarse con) (persona, objeto).
    ¿qué tal te trataron? how were you treated?
    El médico trata al paciente The doctor treats=cures the patient.
    2 to have dealings or contact with.
    la traté muy poco I didn't have much to do with her
    3 to treat (tema, asunto).
    eso lo tienes que tratar con el jefe that's something you'll have to discuss with the boss
    4 to treat.
    5 to treat (agua, sustancia, alimento).
    6 to process (computing) (datos, información).
    Ellos tratan el cuero They process the leather.
    7 to deal.
    Las empresas trataron The companies made a deal.
    8 to try, to make a trial, to attempt it, to attempt.
    Ella trató por mucho tiempo She tried for a long time.
    9 to handle, to maneuver, to manoeuvre.
    Ellos tratan sus pensamientos They handle their thoughts.
    * * *
    1 (gen - objeto) to treat, handle; (- persona) to treat
    2 (asunto, tema) to discuss, deal with
    3 (gestionar) to handle, run
    4 (dar tratamiento) to address as
    5 (calificar, considerar) to consider, call
    6 MEDICINA to treat
    7 (datos, texto) to process
    8 QUÍMICA to treat
    1 (relacionarse) to be acquainted ( con, with), know ( con, -)
    2 (tener tratos) to deal ( con, with)
    3 (negociar) to negotiate ( con, with)
    4 (intentar) to try (de, to)
    5 (versar) to be about
    ■ trata de/sobre espías it's about spies
    6 COMERCIO to deal (en, in)
    1 (relacionarse) to talk to each other, be on speaking terms
    2 (llamarse) to address each other as, call each other
    3 (referirse) to be about
    \
    se trata de... it's a question of..., it's a matter of...
    * * *
    verb
    •
    - tratar de
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) [+ persona, animal, objeto] to treat

    hay que tratar a los animales con cariño — animals should be given plenty of affection, animals should be treated lovingly

    te dejo la cámara, pero trátala bien — I'll let you have the camera, but be careful with it o treat it carefully

    la vida la ha tratado muy bien — life has been very kind to her, life has treated her very well

    • tratar a algn de loco — to treat sb like a madman

    2) (=llamar)

    ¿cómo le tenemos que tratar cuando nos hable? — how should we address him when he speaks to us?

    • tratar a algn de algo — to call sb sth

    tratar a algn de tú/usted — to address sb as "tú"/"usted"

    3) (=relacionarse con)

    tratar a algn: ya no lo trato — I no longer have any dealings with him

    me cae bien, pero no la he tratado mucho — I like her, but I haven't had a lot to do with her

    4) (Med) [+ paciente, enfermedad] to treat

    ¿qué médico te está tratando? — which doctor is giving you treatment?

    5) [+ tejido, madera, residuos] to treat
    6) (=discutir) [+ tema] to deal with; [+ acuerdo, paz] to negotiate
    7) (Inform) to process
    2. VI
    1)

    • tratar de — [libro] to be about, deal with; [personas] to talk about, discuss

    2) (=intentar)

    • tratar de hacer algo — to try to do sth

    • tratar de que, trataré de que esta sea la última vez — I'll try to make sure that this is the last time

    3) (=relacionarse)

    • tratar con algn, trato con todo tipo de gente — I deal with all sorts of people

    4) (Com)

    • tratar con o en algo — to deal in sth

    trataban con o en pieles — they dealt in furs, they were involved in the fur trade

    3.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo intransitivo
    1) ( intentar) to try

    tratar de + inf — to try to + inf

    tratar de que + subj: trata de que queden a la misma altura try to get them level; trataré de que no vuelva a suceder — I'll try to make sure it doesn't happen again

    2) obra/libro/película

    ¿de qué trata el libro? — what's the book about?

    3) (tener contacto, relaciones)
    4) (Com)
    2.
    tratar vt
    1)
    a) <persona/animal/instrumento> (+ compl) to treat
    b) ( llamar)

    tratar a alguien de usted/tú — to address somebody using the polite usted or the more familiar tú form

    3) <tema/asunto> to deal with
    4)
    a) <paciente/enfermedad> to treat
    b) <sustancia/metal> to treat
    3.
    tratarse v pron
    1)
    a)

    tratarse con alguien — ( ser amigo de) to be friendly with somebody; ( alternar) to socialize o mix with somebody

    b) (recípr)
    2) (+ compl)
    a) (recípr)

    se tratan de usted/tú — they address each other as `usted'/`tu'

    se tratan sin ningún respeto — they have o show no respect for each other

    b) (refl) ( cuidarse)

    tratarse bien/mal — to look after oneself well/not to look after oneself

    3) (Med) to have o undergo treatment
    4) tratarse de (en 3a pers)
    a) ( ser acerca de) to be about

    ¿de qué se trata? — what's it about?

    se trata de arreglar la situación, no de discutir — we're supposed to be settling things, not arguing

    si sólo se trata de eso... — if that's all it is...

    * * *
    = address, approach, consider (as), cover, discuss, focus on/upon, get to, go into, handle, manipulate, tackle, treat, turn to, broach, give + treatment, play with, speak to, treat, pick up on, meet.
    Nota: Verbo irregular: pasado y participio met.
    Ex. The inclusion of vendors and publishers allows everyone to address sticky business relationships head-on.
    Ex. The searcher may be the end user, but the end user is approaching the search in some ignorance of his real requirements, or of the literature that might be available to meet those requirements.
    Ex. A book index is an alphabetically arranged list of words or terms leading the reader to the numbers of pages on which specific topics are considered, or on which specific names appear.
    Ex. The schedules are divided into two parts, one covering music scores and parts and the other concerned with music literature.
    Ex. This review also illustrates some of the issues which cataloguers have discussed over the years, and demonstrates other solutions to standards in cataloguing than those embodied in modern cataloguing codes.
    Ex. In a text such as this which focuses primarily upon controlled indexing languages and systems it is difficult to place natural language indexing in a appropriate context.
    Ex. 'I'll get to that, I promise! but right now I have a budget to work on!'.
    Ex. Although the description given here is quite lengthy, many points are glossed over, and the Manual goes into these and a number of others at length.
    Ex. An author's name is usually shorter than a title, and thus is arguably easier to handle and remember.
    Ex. Different stores offer access to distinct types of information or data and permit the information to be manipulated to varying extents.
    Ex. Chapter 2 tackles books, pamphlets and printed sheets, and chapter 3 is dedicated to cartographic materials.
    Ex. In troubleshooting, it is important to treat the cause as well as the symptom of the problem = En la solución de problemas, es importante tratar tanto la causa como el síntoma del problema.
    Ex. We shall turn to this distinction very shortly.
    Ex. Some of the consequences of this conclusion are broached in this article.
    Ex. Equally serious, authors are often too close to the paper to give it an objective treatment.
    Ex. In this five-day workshop we will play with the design and building of non-traditional interface solutions.
    Ex. Numerous articles in the library literature speak to this phenomenon but most deal with the experience of larger libraries.
    Ex. The author studies the factors which have impeded the spread of information on the use of thioctic acid to treat mushroom poisoning.
    Ex. The report picks up on this as a surprising finding, suggesting implicitly that open access journals are lagging behind in this regard.
    Ex. There may be a threat of over-capacity; if so, this could be met by diversification, an enlargement of the SLIS role.
    ----
    * aguas residuales sin tratar = raw sewage, raw waste water.
    * atreverse a tratar = dare to + tread.
    * como si (se tratase de) = as if.
    * continuar tratando = pursue + Nombre + further.
    * cuando se trata de + Infinitivo = when it comes to + Gerundio.
    * de qué se trata = what it's all about.
    * difícil de tratar = unruly.
    * empezar a tratar = scratch + the surface of, scrape + the surface.
    * manera de tratar = avenue of approach.
    * no atraverse a tratar = fear to + tread.
    * ponerse a tratar + Algo = get down to + Nombre.
    * que trata de = surrounding.
    * seguir tratando = discuss + further.
    * sin tratar = untreated.
    * temer tratar = fear to + tread.
    * tratar Algo = get down to + Nombre, be under consideration.
    * tratar algo en detalle = go into + Algo + at length.
    * tratar Algo en profundidad = go into + Algo + at length.
    * tratar Algo imparcialmente = treat + Nombre + with an even hand.
    * tratar Algo justamente = treat + Nombre + with an even hand.
    * tratar Algo sin parcialismo = treat + Nombre + with an even hand.
    * tratar Algo sin rodeos = address + Nombre + head-on, meet + Nombre + head-on, tackle + Nombre + head-on, face + Nombre + head-on.
    * tratar Algo supercialmente = dabble in.
    * tratar como un objeto = objectify.
    * tratar como un personaje = lionise [lionize, -USA].
    * tratar (con) = negotiate (with).
    * tratar con bondad = kill + Nombre + with kindness, smother + Nombre + with kindness.
    * tratar con cloro = chlorinate.
    * tratar con condescendencia = patronise [patronize, -USA], condescend.
    * tratar con más detalle = discuss + in greater detail.
    * tratar con precaución = approach + with caution.
    * tratar con prudencia = treat with + caution, view with + caution.
    * tratar con respeto = treat with + respect.
    * tratar de = be about, be concerned with, deal with, take up, bear on, deal in.
    * tratar de abarcar más de lo que se puede = bite off more than + Pronombre + can chew.
    * tratar de ganar tiempo = temporise [temporize, -USA], play for + time.
    * tratar de igual modo = treat as + equal.
    * tratar de ligar = chat up.
    * tratar de no llamar la atención = keep + a low profile, lie + low.
    * tratar de pasar desapercibido = keep + a low profile, lie + low.
    * tratar de pasar inadvertido = keep + a low profile, lie + low.
    * tratar detalladamente = cover + in detail.
    * tratar de un modo sentimental = sentimentalise [sentimentalize, -USA].
    * tratar de un modo urgente = fast track.
    * tratar en detalle = treat + at length, discuss + at length.
    * tratar en profundidad = treat + in detail.
    * tratar específicamente = target.
    * tratar información = handle + information.
    * tratar injustamente = malign.
    * tratar justamente = treat + fairly.
    * tratar la cuestión de = get to + the issue of.
    * tratar la posibilidad de = discuss + the possibility of.
    * tratar ligeramente = skim + the surface of, touch on/upon.
    * tratar magníficamente = do + more than justice.
    * tratar mal = maltreat, manhandle.
    * tratar muy por encima = scratch + the surface of, scrape + the surface.
    * tratar por todos los medios de = take + (great) pains to.
    * tratar por todos los medios de + Verbo = be at pains to + Infinitivo.
    * tratarse de = come down to, be a question of.
    * tratar severamente = mete out + harsh treatment.
    * tratar síntomas = treat + symptoms.
    * tratar superficialmente = gloss over, scratch + the surface of, scrape + the surface.
    * tratar una cuestión = address + constraint, address + issue, address + question, consider + issue, tackle + issue, address + concern, deal with + issue, broach + issue, broach + question, grapple with + issue.
    * tratar una cuestión ligeramente = touch on/upon + issue.
    * tratar un asunto = deal with + issue.
    * tratar un problema = address + problem, deal with + problem, handle + problem, tackle + problem, address + limitation, grapple with + problem, treat + problem, address + concern.
    * tratar un problema de pasada = touch on/upon + problem.
    * tratar un tema = broach + subject, broach + topic, address + theme, address + topic.
    * tratar un tema conocido = tread + familiar ground.
    * tratar un tema en detalle = go into + detail.
    * volver a tratar = revisit.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo intransitivo
    1) ( intentar) to try

    tratar de + inf — to try to + inf

    tratar de que + subj: trata de que queden a la misma altura try to get them level; trataré de que no vuelva a suceder — I'll try to make sure it doesn't happen again

    2) obra/libro/película

    ¿de qué trata el libro? — what's the book about?

    3) (tener contacto, relaciones)
    4) (Com)
    2.
    tratar vt
    1)
    a) <persona/animal/instrumento> (+ compl) to treat
    b) ( llamar)

    tratar a alguien de usted/tú — to address somebody using the polite usted or the more familiar tú form

    3) <tema/asunto> to deal with
    4)
    a) <paciente/enfermedad> to treat
    b) <sustancia/metal> to treat
    3.
    tratarse v pron
    1)
    a)

    tratarse con alguien — ( ser amigo de) to be friendly with somebody; ( alternar) to socialize o mix with somebody

    b) (recípr)
    2) (+ compl)
    a) (recípr)

    se tratan de usted/tú — they address each other as `usted'/`tu'

    se tratan sin ningún respeto — they have o show no respect for each other

    b) (refl) ( cuidarse)

    tratarse bien/mal — to look after oneself well/not to look after oneself

    3) (Med) to have o undergo treatment
    4) tratarse de (en 3a pers)
    a) ( ser acerca de) to be about

    ¿de qué se trata? — what's it about?

    se trata de arreglar la situación, no de discutir — we're supposed to be settling things, not arguing

    si sólo se trata de eso... — if that's all it is...

    * * *
    tratar (con)

    Ex: Their purposes was to settle the disputes between the members, to negotiate with master, to accumulate and disburse a benevolent fund, and to exact contributions for drinks and parties.

    = address, approach, consider (as), cover, discuss, focus on/upon, get to, go into, handle, manipulate, tackle, treat, turn to, broach, give + treatment, play with, speak to, treat, pick up on, meet.
    Nota: Verbo irregular: pasado y participio met.

    Ex: The inclusion of vendors and publishers allows everyone to address sticky business relationships head-on.

    Ex: The searcher may be the end user, but the end user is approaching the search in some ignorance of his real requirements, or of the literature that might be available to meet those requirements.
    Ex: A book index is an alphabetically arranged list of words or terms leading the reader to the numbers of pages on which specific topics are considered, or on which specific names appear.
    Ex: The schedules are divided into two parts, one covering music scores and parts and the other concerned with music literature.
    Ex: This review also illustrates some of the issues which cataloguers have discussed over the years, and demonstrates other solutions to standards in cataloguing than those embodied in modern cataloguing codes.
    Ex: In a text such as this which focuses primarily upon controlled indexing languages and systems it is difficult to place natural language indexing in a appropriate context.
    Ex: 'I'll get to that, I promise! but right now I have a budget to work on!'.
    Ex: Although the description given here is quite lengthy, many points are glossed over, and the Manual goes into these and a number of others at length.
    Ex: An author's name is usually shorter than a title, and thus is arguably easier to handle and remember.
    Ex: Different stores offer access to distinct types of information or data and permit the information to be manipulated to varying extents.
    Ex: Chapter 2 tackles books, pamphlets and printed sheets, and chapter 3 is dedicated to cartographic materials.
    Ex: In troubleshooting, it is important to treat the cause as well as the symptom of the problem = En la solución de problemas, es importante tratar tanto la causa como el síntoma del problema.
    Ex: We shall turn to this distinction very shortly.
    Ex: Some of the consequences of this conclusion are broached in this article.
    Ex: Equally serious, authors are often too close to the paper to give it an objective treatment.
    Ex: In this five-day workshop we will play with the design and building of non-traditional interface solutions.
    Ex: Numerous articles in the library literature speak to this phenomenon but most deal with the experience of larger libraries.
    Ex: The author studies the factors which have impeded the spread of information on the use of thioctic acid to treat mushroom poisoning.
    Ex: The report picks up on this as a surprising finding, suggesting implicitly that open access journals are lagging behind in this regard.
    Ex: There may be a threat of over-capacity; if so, this could be met by diversification, an enlargement of the SLIS role.
    * aguas residuales sin tratar = raw sewage, raw waste water.
    * atreverse a tratar = dare to + tread.
    * como si (se tratase de) = as if.
    * continuar tratando = pursue + Nombre + further.
    * cuando se trata de + Infinitivo = when it comes to + Gerundio.
    * de qué se trata = what it's all about.
    * difícil de tratar = unruly.
    * empezar a tratar = scratch + the surface of, scrape + the surface.
    * manera de tratar = avenue of approach.
    * no atraverse a tratar = fear to + tread.
    * ponerse a tratar + Algo = get down to + Nombre.
    * que trata de = surrounding.
    * seguir tratando = discuss + further.
    * sin tratar = untreated.
    * temer tratar = fear to + tread.
    * tratar Algo = get down to + Nombre, be under consideration.
    * tratar algo en detalle = go into + Algo + at length.
    * tratar Algo en profundidad = go into + Algo + at length.
    * tratar Algo imparcialmente = treat + Nombre + with an even hand.
    * tratar Algo justamente = treat + Nombre + with an even hand.
    * tratar Algo sin parcialismo = treat + Nombre + with an even hand.
    * tratar Algo sin rodeos = address + Nombre + head-on, meet + Nombre + head-on, tackle + Nombre + head-on, face + Nombre + head-on.
    * tratar Algo supercialmente = dabble in.
    * tratar como un objeto = objectify.
    * tratar como un personaje = lionise [lionize, -USA].
    * tratar (con) = negotiate (with).
    * tratar con bondad = kill + Nombre + with kindness, smother + Nombre + with kindness.
    * tratar con cloro = chlorinate.
    * tratar con condescendencia = patronise [patronize, -USA], condescend.
    * tratar con más detalle = discuss + in greater detail.
    * tratar con precaución = approach + with caution.
    * tratar con prudencia = treat with + caution, view with + caution.
    * tratar con respeto = treat with + respect.
    * tratar de = be about, be concerned with, deal with, take up, bear on, deal in.
    * tratar de abarcar más de lo que se puede = bite off more than + Pronombre + can chew.
    * tratar de ganar tiempo = temporise [temporize, -USA], play for + time.
    * tratar de igual modo = treat as + equal.
    * tratar de ligar = chat up.
    * tratar de no llamar la atención = keep + a low profile, lie + low.
    * tratar de pasar desapercibido = keep + a low profile, lie + low.
    * tratar de pasar inadvertido = keep + a low profile, lie + low.
    * tratar detalladamente = cover + in detail.
    * tratar de un modo sentimental = sentimentalise [sentimentalize, -USA].
    * tratar de un modo urgente = fast track.
    * tratar en detalle = treat + at length, discuss + at length.
    * tratar en profundidad = treat + in detail.
    * tratar específicamente = target.
    * tratar información = handle + information.
    * tratar injustamente = malign.
    * tratar justamente = treat + fairly.
    * tratar la cuestión de = get to + the issue of.
    * tratar la posibilidad de = discuss + the possibility of.
    * tratar ligeramente = skim + the surface of, touch on/upon.
    * tratar magníficamente = do + more than justice.
    * tratar mal = maltreat, manhandle.
    * tratar muy por encima = scratch + the surface of, scrape + the surface.
    * tratar por todos los medios de = take + (great) pains to.
    * tratar por todos los medios de + Verbo = be at pains to + Infinitivo.
    * tratarse de = come down to, be a question of.
    * tratar severamente = mete out + harsh treatment.
    * tratar síntomas = treat + symptoms.
    * tratar superficialmente = gloss over, scratch + the surface of, scrape + the surface.
    * tratar una cuestión = address + constraint, address + issue, address + question, consider + issue, tackle + issue, address + concern, deal with + issue, broach + issue, broach + question, grapple with + issue.
    * tratar una cuestión ligeramente = touch on/upon + issue.
    * tratar un asunto = deal with + issue.
    * tratar un problema = address + problem, deal with + problem, handle + problem, tackle + problem, address + limitation, grapple with + problem, treat + problem, address + concern.
    * tratar un problema de pasada = touch on/upon + problem.
    * tratar un tema = broach + subject, broach + topic, address + theme, address + topic.
    * tratar un tema conocido = tread + familiar ground.
    * tratar un tema en detalle = go into + detail.
    * volver a tratar = revisit.

    * * *
    tratar [A1 ]
    vi
    A (intentar) to try tratar DE + INF to try to + INF
    trate de comprender try to o ( colloq) try and understand
    traten de no llegar tarde try not to be late
    tratar DE QUE + SUBJ:
    trata de que queden a la misma altura try to o ( colloq) try and get them level
    trataré de que no vuelva a suceder I'll try to make sure it doesn't happen again
    B
    «obra/libro/película»: tratar DEor SOBRE algo: ¿de qué trata el libro? what's the book about?
    la conferencia tratará sobre medicina alternativa the lecture will deal with o will be on the subject of alternative medicine, the theme of the lecture will be alternative medicine
    C (tener contacto, relaciones) tratar CON algn to deal WITH sb
    en mi trabajo trato con gente de todo tipo in my job I deal with o come into contact with all kinds of people
    tratar con él no es nada fácil he's not at all easy to get on with
    prefiero tratar directamente con el fabricante I prefer to deal directly with the manufacturer
    D ( Com) tratar EN algo to deal IN sth
    tratar en joyas/antigüedades to deal in jewels/antiques
    los mercaderes que trataban en esclavos/pieles the merchants who dealt o traded in slaves/furs
    ■ tratar
    vt
    A
    1 ‹persona/animal/instrumento› (+ compl) to treat
    me tratan muy bien/como si fuera de la familia they treat me very well/as if I were one of the family
    trata la guitarra con más cuidado be more careful with the guitar
    ¿me estás tratando de mentiroso? are you calling me a liar?
    a mi suegro nunca lo he tratado de usted I've never called my father-in-law `usted'
    B ‹persona›
    (frecuentar): lo trataba cuando era joven I saw quite a lot of him when I was young
    nunca lo he tratado I have never had any contact with him o any dealings with him
    C ‹tema/asunto›
    vamos a tratar primero los puntos de mayor urgencia let's deal with o discuss the more pressing issues first
    no sé cómo tratar esta cuestión I don't know how to deal with o handle this matter
    el libro trata la Revolución Francesa desde una óptica inusual the book looks at the French Revolution from an unusual angle
    esto no se puede tratar delante de los niños we can't discuss this in front of the children
    D
    1 ‹paciente/enfermedad› to treat
    2 ‹sustancia/metal/madera› to treat
    cultivos tratados con insectidas crops treated with insecticides
    A (relacionarse, tener contacto)
    1 tratarse CON algn:
    no me gusta la gente con la que se trata I don't like the people he mixes with
    se trata con gente de la alta sociedad she socializes o mixes with people from high society, she moves in high circles
    ¿tú te tratas con los Rucabado? are you friendly with the Rucabados?
    2 ( recípr):
    somos parientes pero no nos tratamos we're related but we never see each other o we never have anything to do with each other
    B (+ compl)
    1 ( recípr):
    se tratan de usted/tú they address each other as `usted'/`tú'
    se tratan sin ningún respeto they have o show no respect for each other
    2 ( refl) to treat oneself
    ¡qué mal te tratas, eh! ( iró); you don't treat yourself badly, do you?, you know how to look after yourself, don't you?
    C ( Med) (seguir un tratamiento) to have o undergo treatment
    1 (ser acerca de) to be about
    ¿de qué se trata? what's it about?, what does it concern? ( frml)
    se trata de Roy it's about Roy
    2
    (ser cuestión de): se trata de arreglar la situación, no de discutir we're supposed to be settling things, not arguing
    si sólo se trata de eso, hazlo pasar ahora if that's all it is o if that's all he wants, show him in now
    bueno, si se trata de echarle un vistazo nada más … OK, if it's just a question of having a quick look at it …
    3
    (ser): se trata de la estrella del equipo we're talking about o he is the star of the team
    tratándose de usted, no creo que haya inconvenientes since it's for you o in your case I don't think there will be any problems
    * * *

     

    tratar ( conjugate tratar) verbo intransitivo
    1 ( intentar) to try;

    trataré de que no vuelva a suceder I'll try to make sure it doesn't happen again
    2 [obra/libro/película] tratar de algo to be about sth;
    tratar sobre algo to deal with sth;

    3 (tener contacto, relaciones) tratar con algn to deal with sb;

    verbo transitivo
    1 ‹persona/animal/instrumento› to treat;

    2 ( frecuentar):

    3 ‹tema/asunto› to discuss, to deal with
    4
    a) (Med) to treat

    b) ‹sustancia/metal› to treat

    tratarse verbo pronominal
    1 tratarse con algn ( ser amigo de) to be friendly with sb;
    ( alternar) to socialize o mix with sb;

    2 (+ compl) ( recípr):

    3 (Med) to have o undergo treatment
    4
    ◊ tratarse de (en 3a pers)


    ◊ ¿de qué se trata? what's it about?


    ◊ se trata de participar, no de ganar it's a question of taking part, not of winning;

    solo porque se trata de ti just because it's you
    tratar
    I verbo transitivo
    1 (portarse) to treat
    2 (cuidar) to look after, care: trátame el libro bien, look after my book
    3 (dirigirse a una persona) address: nos tratamos de tú, we call each other "tú" o we're on first name terms
    4 (considerar, llamar) me trató de tonto, he called me stupid
    5 (someter a un proceso) to treat
    6 (someter a tratamiento médico) to treat: le tienen que tratar la artritis, they have to treat his arthritis
    7 (tener relación social) la he tratado muy poco, I don't know her very well
    8 (considerar, discutir) to deal with: no hemos tratado la cuestión, we haven't discussed that subject
    II verbo intransitivo 1 tratar de, (un libro, una película) to be about: ¿de qué trata?, what is it about?
    2 (intentar) to try [de, to]
    3 Com tratar en, to trade in o with 4 tratar con, (negociar) to negotiate with
    ' tratar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    censurar
    - defraudar
    - delicada
    - delicado
    - drogodependencia
    - ir
    - girar
    - hablar
    - mimar
    - negociar
    - tú
    - confianza
    - curar
    - debido
    - huir
    - manera
    - miramiento
    - piel
    - punto
    - tocar
    - trato
    - usted
    English:
    about
    - address
    - associate
    - bid
    - clutch
    - deal with
    - discuss
    - form
    - grapple
    - ground
    - handle
    - light
    - lionise
    - mistreat
    - muck about
    - muck around
    - patronize
    - peer
    - push through
    - rubberize
    - specific
    - squarely
    - tactfully
    - tout
    - treat
    - try
    - try on
    - victimize
    - attempt
    - bite
    - contact
    - could
    - cover
    - deal
    - favor
    - grasp
    - process
    - profile
    - raw
    - seek
    - snub
    - tackle
    - take
    - thrash
    - untreated
    - way
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [portarse con, manejar] to treat;
    ¿qué tal te trataron? how were you treated?;
    no la trates tan mal don't be so nasty to her;
    la vida no la ha tratado bien life has not been kind to her;
    te dejo los discos, pero trátamelos bien I'll let you borrow the records, but look after them o be careful with them for me
    2. [paciente, enfermedad, herida] to treat;
    la están tratando de cáncer, le están tratando un cáncer she's being treated for cancer;
    el médico que la trata the doctor who is treating her
    3. [tener relación con] to have dealings o contact with;
    era compañera de clase pero la traté muy poco she was in my class, but I didn't have much to do with her
    4. [llamar, dirigirse a]
    tratar a alguien de usted/tú = to address sb using the “usted” form/the “tú” form;
    no hace falta que me trates de señor there's no need to call me “sir”;
    tratar a alguien de tonto to call sb an idiot
    5. [tema, asunto] to treat;
    el tema que trata la obra the subject of the book;
    hay que tratar ese asunto con cuidado this matter needs to be dealt with carefully;
    eso lo tienes que tratar con el jefe that's something you'll have to discuss with the boss
    6. [agua, sustancia, tejido, alimento] to treat
    7. Informát [datos, información] to process
    8. Bol [insultar] to insult, to swear at
    ♦ vi
    1. [intentar]
    tratar de hacer algo to try to do sth;
    trata de comprenderlo, por favor please try to understand;
    trataré de no equivocarme I'll try not to get it wrong;
    sólo trataba de que estuvieras más cómodo I was only trying to make you more comfortable
    2. [versar]
    tratar de o [m5] sobre to be about;
    ¿de qué trata el documental? what's the documentary about o on?;
    la ponencia trata sobre contaminación acústica the paper is about o on noise pollution
    3. [tener relación]
    tratar con alguien to have dealings with sb;
    en mi trabajo tengo que tratar con todo tipo de gente I have to deal with all sorts of people in my job;
    trata con gente muy rara she mixes with some very strange people;
    RP
    tratar a alguien con pinzas to handle sb with kid gloves
    4. [comerciar] to deal (en in)
    * * *
    I v/t
    1 treat
    2 ( manejar) handle
    3 ( dirigirse a) address (de as);
    tratar a alguien de tú address s.o. informally, use the tú form with s.o.;
    tratar a alguien de usted address s.o. formally, use the usted form with s.o.
    4 gente come into contact with
    5 tema deal with
    II v/i:
    1
    :
    tratar con alguien deal with s.o.
    2
    :
    tratar de ( intentar) try to
    3 COM
    :
    tratar en deal in
    * * *
    tratar vi
    1)
    tratar con : to deal with, to have contact with
    no trato mucho con los clientes: I don't have much contact with customers
    2)
    tratar de : to try to
    estoy tratando de comer: I am trying to eat
    3)
    tratar sobre : to be about, to concern
    el libro trata de las plantas: the book is about plants
    4)
    tratar en : to deal in
    trata en herramientas: he deals in tools
    tratar vt
    1) : to treat
    tratan bien a sus empleados: they treat their employees well
    2) : to handle
    trató el tema con delicadeza: he handled the subject tactfully
    * * *
    tratar vb
    1. (en general) to treat
    2. (ocuparse, tener relación) to deal with [pt. & pp. dealt]
    3. (hablar) to discuss
    4. (referirse) to be about

    Spanish-English dictionary > tratar

  • 3 reunir

    v.
    1 to bring together.
    Ellos reunieron a muchos amigos They brought together many friends.
    2 to collect, to bring together.
    reunió una gran fortuna he amassed a large fortune
    3 to meet, to fulfill (requisitos, condiciones).
    el plan reúne todas las condiciones para ser aceptado the plan meets o fulfills all the criteria for acceptance
    no reúne los requisitos necesarios para el puesto he doesn't meet the requirements for the post
    4 to put back together.
    5 to gather, to scrape together, to collect, to muster.
    Ellos reunieron dinero They gathered money.
    6 to assemble.
    Ellos reunieron a los miembros They assembled the members.
    7 to merge, to incorporate.
    Ellos reunieron a las empresas They merged the companies.
    8 to have, to muster, to meet.
    Ella reunía buenas cualidades She mustered good qualities.
    * * *
    (stressed ú in certain persons of certain tenses)
    Present Indicative
    reúno, reúnes, reúne, reunimos, reunís, reúnen.
    Present Subjunctive
    reúna, reúnas, reúna, reunamos, reunáis, reúnan.
    Imperative
    reúne (tú), reúna (él/Vd.), reunamos (nos.), reunid (vos.), reúnan (ellos/Vds.).
    * * *
    verb
    1) to gather, collect
    3) join
    5) have
    •
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=juntar) to join, join together
    2) (=recolectar) [+ cosas dispersas] to gather, gather together, get together; [+ datos] to collect, gather; [+ recursos] to pool; [+ colección] to assemble, make; [+ dinero] to collect; [+ fondos] to raise

    la producción de los demás países reunidos no alcanzará al nuestro — the production of the other countries put together will not come up to ours

    3) [+ personas] to bring together, get together
    4) [+ cualidades] to combine; [+ condiciones] to have, possess
    2.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) <cualidades/características> to have; < requisitos> to satisfy, meet
    2) < datos> to gather; <dinero/fondos> to raise; < información> to gather together, collect

    reunir pruebas — to gather o assemble evidence

    3) < personas>
    2.
    reunirse v pron consejo/junta to meet; amigos/parientes to get together
    * * *
    = assemble, bring together, compile, gather, pull together, put together, round up, unite, encapsulate, muster, bundle, gather together, pool, reunite [re-unite], band, draw together.
    Ex. In this case all the works of a given author will be assembled on the shelf under his/her name as well, so it is not really in conflict and I think there is a misinterpretation.
    Ex. For example, Recreation, previously dispersed over several main classes, is now brought together as a new main class, and Space Science has been added between Astronomy and the Earth Sciences.
    Ex. This system could be used by the booktrade for compiling second-hand book lists.
    Ex. A bibliography is a list of materials or items which is restricted in its coverage by some feature other than the materials being gathered in one library collection.
    Ex. This library decided to launch an attack on illiteracy by pulling together a variety of approaches to learning to read.
    Ex. The way in which this scheme is put together in book form often causes some confusion at first.
    Ex. That is, you can round up terminals if you have to very rapidly.
    Ex. It has become increasingly difficult to unite both categories in one union and demands for a trade union of library employees have been raised.
    Ex. The fundamental OOP technique is to encapsulate data with the operations/code that operate on that data into a single entity which is called an object.
    Ex. Obviously, the task will strain all the resources of mind and character that the nation can muster.
    Ex. CD-ROM products that combine, or bundle, related information services will be at the forefront because of their usefulness to end-users.
    Ex. If we wanted to gather everything on particular plants together under the general heading 'Horticulture,' we might change the above example to 635.9(582.675)65 to make the main facet the individual plant (in this case anemones), with environment (indoor...) a secondary feature.
    Ex. The results of two studies of the way reference librarians work were pooled to provide an understanding of the important features necessary in software for computerized reference work.
    Ex. Divided collections are being reunited and bodies of material considered lost after World War 2 are resurfacing in Eastern Europe as well as in Germany.
    Ex. The author advises banding retention policies to focus on a few clear options.
    Ex. The application of the classification schemes, once constructed, involves synthesis, or the drawing together of the single concepts which are listed in the scheme from their different facets, in order to specify compound subjects.
    ----
    * que reúne las condiciones = qualified.
    * reunir dinero = raise + money.
    * reunir el dinero = muster (up) + the cash, come up with + the money.
    * reunir el efectivo = muster (up) + the cash.
    * reunir información = pool + information.
    * reunir las condiciones = fit + the bill.
    * reunir las condiciones para = qualify for.
    * reunir material = gather + material.
    * reunirse = get together, meet, convene, meet up, caucus.
    * reunirse de nuevo = reconvene.
    * reunir una serie de condiciones = meet + set of conditions.
    * volver a reunir = reassemble [re-assemble].
    * volverse a reunir = reconvene.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) <cualidades/características> to have; < requisitos> to satisfy, meet
    2) < datos> to gather; <dinero/fondos> to raise; < información> to gather together, collect

    reunir pruebas — to gather o assemble evidence

    3) < personas>
    2.
    reunirse v pron consejo/junta to meet; amigos/parientes to get together
    * * *
    = assemble, bring together, compile, gather, pull together, put together, round up, unite, encapsulate, muster, bundle, gather together, pool, reunite [re-unite], band, draw together.

    Ex: In this case all the works of a given author will be assembled on the shelf under his/her name as well, so it is not really in conflict and I think there is a misinterpretation.

    Ex: For example, Recreation, previously dispersed over several main classes, is now brought together as a new main class, and Space Science has been added between Astronomy and the Earth Sciences.
    Ex: This system could be used by the booktrade for compiling second-hand book lists.
    Ex: A bibliography is a list of materials or items which is restricted in its coverage by some feature other than the materials being gathered in one library collection.
    Ex: This library decided to launch an attack on illiteracy by pulling together a variety of approaches to learning to read.
    Ex: The way in which this scheme is put together in book form often causes some confusion at first.
    Ex: That is, you can round up terminals if you have to very rapidly.
    Ex: It has become increasingly difficult to unite both categories in one union and demands for a trade union of library employees have been raised.
    Ex: The fundamental OOP technique is to encapsulate data with the operations/code that operate on that data into a single entity which is called an object.
    Ex: Obviously, the task will strain all the resources of mind and character that the nation can muster.
    Ex: CD-ROM products that combine, or bundle, related information services will be at the forefront because of their usefulness to end-users.
    Ex: If we wanted to gather everything on particular plants together under the general heading 'Horticulture,' we might change the above example to 635.9(582.675)65 to make the main facet the individual plant (in this case anemones), with environment (indoor...) a secondary feature.
    Ex: The results of two studies of the way reference librarians work were pooled to provide an understanding of the important features necessary in software for computerized reference work.
    Ex: Divided collections are being reunited and bodies of material considered lost after World War 2 are resurfacing in Eastern Europe as well as in Germany.
    Ex: The author advises banding retention policies to focus on a few clear options.
    Ex: The application of the classification schemes, once constructed, involves synthesis, or the drawing together of the single concepts which are listed in the scheme from their different facets, in order to specify compound subjects.
    * que reúne las condiciones = qualified.
    * reunir dinero = raise + money.
    * reunir el dinero = muster (up) + the cash, come up with + the money.
    * reunir el efectivo = muster (up) + the cash.
    * reunir información = pool + information.
    * reunir las condiciones = fit + the bill.
    * reunir las condiciones para = qualify for.
    * reunir material = gather + material.
    * reunirse = get together, meet, convene, meet up, caucus.
    * reunirse de nuevo = reconvene.
    * reunir una serie de condiciones = meet + set of conditions.
    * volver a reunir = reassemble [re-assemble].
    * volverse a reunir = reconvene.

    * * *
    reunir [ I23 ]
    vt
    A (tener) ‹cualidades/características› to have
    los aspirantes deberán reunir los siguientes requisitos … candidates must satisfy o meet the following requirements …
    reúne todas las condiciones necesarias para el cargo he fulfills all the requirements for the position
    B (recoger, recolectar) ‹datos› to gather; ‹dinero/fondos› to raise
    ha logrado reunir una colección excepcional de sellos she has managed to build up an impressive stamp collection
    el volumen reúne varios artículos publicados recientemente por el autor the volume brings together o is a collection of several recently published articles by the author
    primero hay que reunir la información necesaria the first step is to gather together o collect o assemble all the necessary information
    reunir pruebas contra algn to gather o assemble evidence against sb
    C ‹personas›
    reunió a toda la familia en su casa she got all the family together at her house
    reunió a los jefes de sección he called a meeting of the heads of department, he called the heads of department together
    los reunió y les leyó el telegrama he called them together and read them the telegram
    «consejo/junta» to meet; «amigos/parientes» to get together
    hace años que no se reúne toda la familia it's years since the whole family got together
    se reunieron tras 20 años sin verse they met up again o got together again after 20 years
    reunirse CON algn:
    me reuní con él en Chicago I met up with him in Chicago
    se va a reunir con los representantes de la compañía en Alemania she's going to meet o have a meeting with o ( esp AmE) meet with the company's representatives in Germany
    * * *

     

    reunir ( conjugate reunir) verbo transitivo
    1 ‹cualidades/características› to have;
    ‹ requisitos› to satisfy, meet;
    ‹ condiciones› to fulfill, satisfy
    2 ‹ datos› to gather;
    ‹dinero/fondos› to raise;
    ‹ información› to gather together, collect
    3 ‹amigos/familia› to get … together;

    reunirse verbo pronominal [consejo/junta] to meet;
    [amigos/parientes] to get together;
    reunirse con algn ( encontrarse) to meet up with sb;
    ( tener una reunión) to have a meeting with sb, meet with sb (AmE)
    reunir verbo transitivo
    1 (juntar) to collect: si reúnes tres vales, te dan uno de regalo, if you collect three vouchers, they'll give you another one free
    (dinero) to raise
    (información) to gather
    (valor, fuerza) to muster (up)
    2 (congregar) to gather together: nos reunieron en una pequeña sala, they brought us together in a small room
    3 (cualidades, características) to have, possess
    (requisitos) to fulfil
    ' reunir' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    aunar
    - juntar
    - satisfacer
    - agrupar
    - requisito
    - reunido
    English:
    assemble
    - bill
    - gather
    - gather together
    - get together
    - muster
    - pool
    - put together
    - raise
    - rake together
    - rally
    - reassemble
    - reunite
    - round up
    - scrape together
    - scrape up
    - summon up
    - accumulate
    - collect
    - compile
    - get
    - marshal
    - meet
    - put
    - qualified
    - summon
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [juntar] [personas] to bring together;
    la fiesta de homenaje reunió a todos los amigos del artista the party in his honour brought all the artist's friends together
    2. [objetos, información] to collect, to bring together;
    [fondos] to raise;
    reunió una gran fortuna he amassed a large fortune
    3. [tener] [requisitos, condiciones] to meet, to fulfil;
    [cualidades] to possess, to combine;
    el plan reúne todas las condiciones para ser aceptado the plan meets o fulfils all the criteria for acceptance;
    no reúne los requisitos necesarios para el puesto she doesn't meet the requirements for the post
    4. [volver a unir] to put back together
    * * *
    v/t
    1 personas bring together;
    estar reunido be in a meeting
    2 requisitos meet, fulfill, Br
    fulfil
    3 datos gather (together)
    * * *
    reunir {68} vt
    1) : to unite, to join, to bring together
    2) : to have, to possess
    reunieron los requisitos necesarios: they fulfilled the necessary requirements
    3) : to gather, to collect, to raise (funds)
    * * *
    reunir vb
    1. (juntar personas) to get together / to call together
    2. (juntar cosas) to bring together [pt. & pp. brought]
    3. (dinero) to raise
    ¿cuánto dinero hemos reunido? how much money have we raised?
    4. (requisitos) to meet [pt. & pp. met] / to fulfil [pt. & pp. fulfilled]

    Spanish-English dictionary > reunir

  • 4 Fédération Internationale de Football Association

    FIFA abbr.
    ■ A society entered in the register of companies under the terms of Art. 60 et seq. of the Swiss Civil Code, that is neutral politically and religiously, and whose main objects are to improve the game of football constantly and promote it globally in the light of its unifying, educational, cultural and humanitarian values, particularly through youth and development programmes, to organise its own international competitions, to draw up regulations and provisions and ensure their enforcement, to control every type of Association Football, to prevent all methods or practices which might jeopardise the integrity of matches or competitions or give rise to abuse of Association Football.
    FIFA f Abk.
    ■ Parteipolitisch und konfessionell neutraler, im Handelsregister eingetragener Verein im Sinne von Art. 60 ff. des Schweizerischen Zivilgesetzbuches, dessen Zweck es ist, den Fußball fortlaufend zu verbessern und weltweit zu verbreiten, wobei der völkerverbindende, erzieherische, kulturelle und humanitäre Stellenwert des Fußballs durch die Förderung des Fußballs durch Jugend- und Entwicklungsprogramme berücksichtigt werden soll.
    ► Weitere Aufgaben der FIFA sind das Organisieren eigener internationaler Wettbewerbe, das Festlegen von Regeln und Bestimmungen sowie die Sicherstellung ihrer Durchsetzung, die Kontrolle des Association Football in all seinen Formen, sowie die Verhinderung von Methoden oder Praktiken, die die Integrität der Spiele oder Wettbewerbe gefährden oder zu Missbräuchen des Association Football führen könnten.

    Englisch-deutsch wörterbuch fußball > Fédération Internationale de Football Association

  • 5 FIFA

    FIFA abbr.
    ■ A society entered in the register of companies under the terms of Art. 60 et seq. of the Swiss Civil Code, that is neutral politically and religiously, and whose main objects are to improve the game of football constantly and promote it globally in the light of its unifying, educational, cultural and humanitarian values, particularly through youth and development programmes, to organise its own international competitions, to draw up regulations and provisions and ensure their enforcement, to control every type of Association Football, to prevent all methods or practices which might jeopardise the integrity of matches or competitions or give rise to abuse of Association Football.
    FIFA f Abk.
    ■ Parteipolitisch und konfessionell neutraler, im Handelsregister eingetragener Verein im Sinne von Art. 60 ff. des Schweizerischen Zivilgesetzbuches, dessen Zweck es ist, den Fußball fortlaufend zu verbessern und weltweit zu verbreiten, wobei der völkerverbindende, erzieherische, kulturelle und humanitäre Stellenwert des Fußballs durch die Förderung des Fußballs durch Jugend- und Entwicklungsprogramme berücksichtigt werden soll.
    ► Weitere Aufgaben der FIFA sind das Organisieren eigener internationaler Wettbewerbe, das Festlegen von Regeln und Bestimmungen sowie die Sicherstellung ihrer Durchsetzung, die Kontrolle des Association Football in all seinen Formen, sowie die Verhinderung von Methoden oder Praktiken, die die Integrität der Spiele oder Wettbewerbe gefährden oder zu Missbräuchen des Association Football führen könnten.

    Englisch-deutsch wörterbuch fußball > FIFA

  • 6 superar

    v.
    1 to beat.
    queremos superar los resultados del año pasado we want to improve on o beat last year's results
    me superó por dos décimas de segundo she beat me by two tenths of a second
    superar algo/a alguien en algo to beat something/somebody for something
    nos superan en número they outnumber us
    me supera en altura/inteligencia he's taller/cleverer than me
    2 to overtake, to pass.
    3 to overcome.
    superar un examen to get through an exam
    tener algo superado to have got over something
    Ellos superan la adversidad They overcome adversity.
    4 to surpass, to exceed, to best, to excel.
    María supera a sus colegas Mary surpasses her colleagues.
    5 to outdo, to win over.
    * * *
    1 (exceder) to surpass, exceed, excel
    2 (obstáculo etc) to overcome, surmount
    1 (sobrepasarse) to excel oneself
    2 (mejorarse) to improve oneself, better oneself
    * * *
    verb
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=aventajar) [+ contrincante, adversario] to overcome; [+ límite] to go beyond; [+ récord, marca] to break

    superar a algn en algo: superó al adversario en cuatro puntos — she beat her opponent by four points

    2) (=pasar con éxito) [+ dificultad] to overcome; [+ enfermedad, crisis] to get over
    3) [+ etapa] to get past
    4) [+ prueba, examen] to pass
    2.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) (ser superior a, mayor que) to exceed, go beyond
    b) ( mejorar) < marca> to beat
    2)
    a) (vencer, sobreponerse a) <timidez/dificultad/etapa> to overcome; < trauma> to get over
    b) (frml) <examen/prueba> to pass
    2.
    superarse v pron to better oneself
    * * *
    = beat, circumvent, go beyond, outperform [out-perform], outweigh, overcome, overtake, score over, outgrow, surpass, survive, go far beyond, extend + far beyond, top, outbalance, outrank, weather, get through, one-up, outwit, outdo, outsmart, ride out, exceed, outfox, go + past, outrun [out-run], best, trump, move on from, go + one better.
    Ex. It would certainly beat the usual file clerk.
    Ex. Plainly, the familiarization stage is circumvented in a computer-based indexing system with machine-assigned terms.
    Ex. Maybe the answer is some kind of localized Ceefax or Oracle information service that could be obtained free through one's television set but went beyond the mainly trivia that these services currently provide.
    Ex. Numerous experiment have tried to determine if free-text searching outperform searching with the aid of a controlled index language.
    Ex. It may be decided that the practical impediments to the distribution and assignment of such numbers outweigh their potential usefulness.
    Ex. Analytical cataloguing seeks to overcome physical packaging.
    Ex. Why have card-based systems been overtaken by computer databases?.
    Ex. A Permuterm index scores over a Double-KWIC index in that it avoids repetitive printing of one title.
    Ex. We outgrow the school, we cannot outgrow the library.
    Ex. The advantages of the system far surpass any disadvantages.
    Ex. The chairwoman of the board had decided that as part of the screening process those who had successfully survived the initial winnowing should furnish the board with tangible evidence of how they might perform on a specific assignment.
    Ex. These changes in the physical form of the catalog have implications which go far beyond changes in form or even in improvements in speed and convenience to the catalog user.
    Ex. We have seen that the relationships of the Publications Office with the institutions and other bodies of the European Communities may in theory, but do not yet in practice extend far beyond those with the six managing institutions.
    Ex. As public library circ declines, spending continues to top inflation.
    Ex. The large profits to be made in this field will outbalance the problems that may lie ahead.
    Ex. One node in the star graphic completely outranks the others, while the other six themselves are interchangeable.
    Ex. The small publishers seem to be weathering the industry changes, and have expectations of growth.
    Ex. I think that the so-called average person often exhibits a great deal of heroism in getting through an ordinary day.
    Ex. This remake of William Castle's action adventure adds a genuinely supernatural plot to the old story of the duplicitous wife scheming to kill her husband but being one-upped by his even more ingenious counterplots.
    Ex. Two dangerous trysts are spied upon by a third and hostile party, whose presence is detected by the lovers who act in consort to outwit him.
    Ex. This novel is narrated by William, an underachiever who is constantly outdone by his charming and lovable identical twin brother.
    Ex. Smart and speedy start-ups blindside mature companies with their inventiveness then grow up into mature companies and are outsmarted in their turn.
    Ex. Without any significant restructuring, the LIS programme in Iran will provide little in the way of riding out the rapid transition that the field is currently experiencing.
    Ex. In the same way, files of item record cards can be difficult to manage if the file size exceeds, say, 2000 cards.
    Ex. It also led to a continuing guerilla war between the authorities and caricaturists who sought to evade, outfox, or entirely defy them.
    Ex. Unfortunately, its conclusions are completely pedestrian, rarely going past the fact that there were old people in England in the late Middle Ages.
    Ex. But he was wiry and wily, too, and he could often out-run, track, back-track, double-back, and finally dodge unseen in the subway.
    Ex. Back in 2001, the tossed salad they prepared fed some 5,000, which then bested the record held by a community in Utah in the United States.
    Ex. If prejudice is allowed to trump the rights that all citizens should enjoy, then everyone's freedoms are ultimately endangered.
    Ex. He is moving on from the past and looking forward to a tremendous future helping to educate parents from his personal experiences.
    Ex. I think Murray will go one better than Wimbledon, but will lose to Federer again in the final.
    ----
    * ayudar a superar = get + Nombre + through.
    * capaz de adaptarse y superar adversidades = resilient.
    * con el propósito de superarse uno mismo = self-improvement-oriented.
    * nada supera a = nothing beats....
    * no superar la prueba de = not stand the test of.
    * ser difícil de superar = take + some beating.
    * sin ser superado = unsurpassed.
    * superar Algo = put + Nombre + behind.
    * superar barreras = hurdle + barriers.
    * superar el intento = resist + effort.
    * superar el miedo = overcome + Posesivo + fear, conquer + fear.
    * superar el nerviosismo = overcome + nervousness.
    * superar el problema de credibilidad = overcome + credibility gap.
    * superar en número = outnumber.
    * superar la barrera del tiempo = cross + time barriers.
    * superar la etapa de = move on from.
    * superar las expectativas = exceed + expectations.
    * superarse a sí mismo = pull + Reflexivo + up(wards) by + Posesivo + (own) bootstraps.
    * superarse a Uno Mismo = make + the best of + Reflexivo.
    * superarse para hacer frente a Algo = rise to + meet.
    * superar una barrera = conquer + barrier.
    * superar una crisis = ford + crisis, survive + crisis.
    * superar una deficiencia = overcome + weakness.
    * superar una dificultad = overcome + difficulty, get over + difficulty.
    * superar una limitación = overcome + limitation, tackle + limitation.
    * superar un análisis minucioso = stand up to + scrutiny, stand up to + examination.
    * superar una situación difícil = weather + the bumpy ride, weather + the storm.
    * superar un examen = pass + examination, pass + an exam.
    * superar un obstáculo = overcome + obstacle, jump over + hurdle, overcome + barrier, conquer + barrier.
    * superar un peligro = overcome + danger.
    * superar un problema = surmount + problem, conquer + problem, get over + problem.
    * verse superado sólo por = be second only to.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) (ser superior a, mayor que) to exceed, go beyond
    b) ( mejorar) < marca> to beat
    2)
    a) (vencer, sobreponerse a) <timidez/dificultad/etapa> to overcome; < trauma> to get over
    b) (frml) <examen/prueba> to pass
    2.
    superarse v pron to better oneself
    * * *
    = beat, circumvent, go beyond, outperform [out-perform], outweigh, overcome, overtake, score over, outgrow, surpass, survive, go far beyond, extend + far beyond, top, outbalance, outrank, weather, get through, one-up, outwit, outdo, outsmart, ride out, exceed, outfox, go + past, outrun [out-run], best, trump, move on from, go + one better.

    Ex: It would certainly beat the usual file clerk.

    Ex: Plainly, the familiarization stage is circumvented in a computer-based indexing system with machine-assigned terms.
    Ex: Maybe the answer is some kind of localized Ceefax or Oracle information service that could be obtained free through one's television set but went beyond the mainly trivia that these services currently provide.
    Ex: Numerous experiment have tried to determine if free-text searching outperform searching with the aid of a controlled index language.
    Ex: It may be decided that the practical impediments to the distribution and assignment of such numbers outweigh their potential usefulness.
    Ex: Analytical cataloguing seeks to overcome physical packaging.
    Ex: Why have card-based systems been overtaken by computer databases?.
    Ex: A Permuterm index scores over a Double-KWIC index in that it avoids repetitive printing of one title.
    Ex: We outgrow the school, we cannot outgrow the library.
    Ex: The advantages of the system far surpass any disadvantages.
    Ex: The chairwoman of the board had decided that as part of the screening process those who had successfully survived the initial winnowing should furnish the board with tangible evidence of how they might perform on a specific assignment.
    Ex: These changes in the physical form of the catalog have implications which go far beyond changes in form or even in improvements in speed and convenience to the catalog user.
    Ex: We have seen that the relationships of the Publications Office with the institutions and other bodies of the European Communities may in theory, but do not yet in practice extend far beyond those with the six managing institutions.
    Ex: As public library circ declines, spending continues to top inflation.
    Ex: The large profits to be made in this field will outbalance the problems that may lie ahead.
    Ex: One node in the star graphic completely outranks the others, while the other six themselves are interchangeable.
    Ex: The small publishers seem to be weathering the industry changes, and have expectations of growth.
    Ex: I think that the so-called average person often exhibits a great deal of heroism in getting through an ordinary day.
    Ex: This remake of William Castle's action adventure adds a genuinely supernatural plot to the old story of the duplicitous wife scheming to kill her husband but being one-upped by his even more ingenious counterplots.
    Ex: Two dangerous trysts are spied upon by a third and hostile party, whose presence is detected by the lovers who act in consort to outwit him.
    Ex: This novel is narrated by William, an underachiever who is constantly outdone by his charming and lovable identical twin brother.
    Ex: Smart and speedy start-ups blindside mature companies with their inventiveness then grow up into mature companies and are outsmarted in their turn.
    Ex: Without any significant restructuring, the LIS programme in Iran will provide little in the way of riding out the rapid transition that the field is currently experiencing.
    Ex: In the same way, files of item record cards can be difficult to manage if the file size exceeds, say, 2000 cards.
    Ex: It also led to a continuing guerilla war between the authorities and caricaturists who sought to evade, outfox, or entirely defy them.
    Ex: Unfortunately, its conclusions are completely pedestrian, rarely going past the fact that there were old people in England in the late Middle Ages.
    Ex: But he was wiry and wily, too, and he could often out-run, track, back-track, double-back, and finally dodge unseen in the subway.
    Ex: Back in 2001, the tossed salad they prepared fed some 5,000, which then bested the record held by a community in Utah in the United States.
    Ex: If prejudice is allowed to trump the rights that all citizens should enjoy, then everyone's freedoms are ultimately endangered.
    Ex: He is moving on from the past and looking forward to a tremendous future helping to educate parents from his personal experiences.
    Ex: I think Murray will go one better than Wimbledon, but will lose to Federer again in the final.
    * ayudar a superar = get + Nombre + through.
    * capaz de adaptarse y superar adversidades = resilient.
    * con el propósito de superarse uno mismo = self-improvement-oriented.
    * nada supera a = nothing beats....
    * no superar la prueba de = not stand the test of.
    * ser difícil de superar = take + some beating.
    * sin ser superado = unsurpassed.
    * superar Algo = put + Nombre + behind.
    * superar barreras = hurdle + barriers.
    * superar el intento = resist + effort.
    * superar el miedo = overcome + Posesivo + fear, conquer + fear.
    * superar el nerviosismo = overcome + nervousness.
    * superar el problema de credibilidad = overcome + credibility gap.
    * superar en número = outnumber.
    * superar la barrera del tiempo = cross + time barriers.
    * superar la etapa de = move on from.
    * superar las expectativas = exceed + expectations.
    * superarse a sí mismo = pull + Reflexivo + up(wards) by + Posesivo + (own) bootstraps.
    * superarse a Uno Mismo = make + the best of + Reflexivo.
    * superarse para hacer frente a Algo = rise to + meet.
    * superar una barrera = conquer + barrier.
    * superar una crisis = ford + crisis, survive + crisis.
    * superar una deficiencia = overcome + weakness.
    * superar una dificultad = overcome + difficulty, get over + difficulty.
    * superar una limitación = overcome + limitation, tackle + limitation.
    * superar un análisis minucioso = stand up to + scrutiny, stand up to + examination.
    * superar una situación difícil = weather + the bumpy ride, weather + the storm.
    * superar un examen = pass + examination, pass + an exam.
    * superar un obstáculo = overcome + obstacle, jump over + hurdle, overcome + barrier, conquer + barrier.
    * superar un peligro = overcome + danger.
    * superar un problema = surmount + problem, conquer + problem, get over + problem.
    * verse superado sólo por = be second only to.

    * * *
    superar [A1 ]
    vt
    A
    1 (ser superior a, mayor que) to exceed, go beyond
    un éxito que supera todas las expectativas a success which goes beyond o exceeds o surpasses all expectations
    la realidad supera a la ficción fact o truth is stranger than fiction
    el horror de estas escenas supera todo lo imaginable the horror of these scenes goes beyond anything one could imagine
    nadie lo supera en experiencia ni habilidad nobody can surpass him in experience or skill, nobody can surpass his experience or skill
    nos superan en número they outnumber us
    supera en estatura a su hermano mayor he's taller than his elder brother
    supera en tres puntos la cifra de ayer it is three points higher than yesterday's figure, it surpasses yesterday's figure by three points
    2 (mejorar) to beat
    logró superar su propio récord he managed to beat his own record
    ese método está totalmente superado that method has been completely superseded
    B
    1 (vencer, sobreponerse a) ‹timidez/dificultad/etapa› to overcome
    trata de superar estas diferencias try to overcome o get over these differences
    no ha logrado superar el trauma que le supuso el accidente he has not got(ten) over the trauma of the accident
    ya hemos superado la etapa más difícil we've already got(ten) through o over the most difficult stage
    hace tres meses que rompimos pero ya lo tengo superado we split up three months ago but I've got(ten) over it o I'm over it now
    2 ( frml); ‹examen/prueba› to pass
    to better oneself
    * * *

     

    superar ( conjugate superar) verbo transitivo
    1


    nadie lo supera en experiencia no one has more experience than him;
    supera en estatura a su hermano he's taller than his brother
    b) ( mejorar) ‹ marca› to beat

    2
    a) (vencer, sobreponerse a) ‹timidez/dificultad/etapa› to overcome;

    ‹ trauma› to get over
    b) (frml) ‹examen/prueba› to pass

    superarse verbo pronominal
    to better oneself
    superar verbo transitivo
    1 (estar por encima de) to exceed: tu hermana te supera en altura, your sister is taller than you
    la temperatura superó los treinta grados, the temperature rose above thirty degrees
    (expectativas) esto supera todo lo imaginado, this defies the imagination
    (un récord, una marca) to beat, break
    2 (pasar, sobreponerse) to overcome
    (un examen) to pass, get through
    ' superar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    atonía
    - ganar
    - sacar
    - salir
    - salvar
    - sobreponerse
    - vencer
    - volver
    - cabeza
    - creces
    - exceder
    - marca
    English:
    beat
    - beating
    - carry through
    - coast
    - corner
    - deal with
    - excel
    - get over
    - get past
    - handicap
    - improve on
    - outdo
    - outnumber
    - overcome
    - overtake
    - pull through
    - surmount
    - surpass
    - top
    - exceed
    - get
    - negotiate
    - out
    - over
    - rise
    - shrug
    - survive
    - transcend
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [aventajar] to beat;
    superar algo/a alguien en algo to beat sth/sb for sth;
    nos superan en número they outnumber us;
    me supera en altura/inteligencia he's taller/cleverer than me
    2. [sobrepasar] [récord] to break;
    queremos superar los resultados del año pasado we want to improve on o beat last year's results;
    me superó por dos décimas de segundo she beat me by two tenths of a second
    3. [adelantar] to overtake, to pass;
    superó a su rival en la recta final she overtook her rival on the home straight
    4. [época, técnica]
    estar superado to have been superseded
    5. [complejo, crisis, enfermedad] to overcome, to get over;
    no ha superado la pérdida de su mujer he has not overcome the loss of his wife;
    tener algo superado to have got over sth
    6. [examen, prueba] to pass
    * * *
    v/t persona beat; límite go beyond, exceed; obstáculo overcome, surmount
    * * *
    1) : to surpass, to exceed
    2) : to overcome, to surmount
    * * *
    1. (vencer problema, etc) to overcome [pt. overcame; pp. overcome]
    2. (pasar) to pass
    3. (ser mejor) to be better / to surpass
    4. (ser más) to be more / to be over
    el porcentaje de aprobados supera el 85% the percentage of passes is over 85%

    Spanish-English dictionary > superar

  • 7 llamar la atención

    to attract attention
    * * *
    * * *
    (v.) = call + attention to, conspicuousness, attract + attention, excite + attention, grab + Posesivo + attention, catch + Posesivo + eye, admonish, strike + Posesivo + fancy, capture + the attention, eye + catch, stand out, make + Reflexivo + conspicuous, cut + a dash, seek + attention, make + heads turn, catch + Posesivo + fancy, catch + Posesivo + attention, peak + Posesivo + interest, make + a splash, make + a big noise, hit + home
    Ex. The attention of the borrower is thus called to the presence of crossreferences.
    Ex. One of the most cited shortcomings of mobile advice centres, that their conspicuousness deters people from using them, does not seem to have been a problem.
    Ex. A few minutes spent with teacher and pupils talking about books conversationally in a by-the-way fashion serves the double purpose of preparing the right set of mind for reading while at the same time attracting attention to books that might be enjoyed.
    Ex. Bright new copies of an unknown book naturally excite more attention than old 'readers' soiled from overuse.
    Ex. Online and CD-ROM vendor literature should be read with caution: its aim is to grab attention and to sell.
    Ex. Some people do actually seek for fiction by title and author, or by author, rather than simply browsing along the shelves hoping for something to catch their eye.
    Ex. For nearly half a century librarians have been admonished to use history as a means to prevent mistakes and solve problems.
    Ex. Most books for children are selected by looking along the shelf until an attractive cover, familiar author's name or familiar title strikes the reader's fancy.
    Ex. Materials that capture the attention of reluctant readers divert their focus from the negative doubts of ability.
    Ex. As Klaus's acute observations are unhampered by romantic ideals, his eye catches the plastic trash by the roadway as well as the colors of moss on the landing strip.
    Ex. Three national library catalogues stand out as highly important sources of general bibliography.
    Ex. Even so, birds must balance the benefits of flashy feathers with the risks of making themselves conspicuous to sharp-eyed predators.
    Ex. He soon cut a dash with his liberal but pragmatic solutions to problems besetting the building industry in Sydney.
    Ex. In addition, children are always seeking attention from their parents.
    Ex. Be the centre of attention and make heads turn at any red carpet event with this new body lotion!.
    Ex. At nightfall, drop anchor at any place that catch your fancy and the lullaby of the gentle waves put you to sleep.
    Ex. Since these original initiatives were launched, however, the information superhighway idea has caught the attention of a diverse group of companies in the private sector.
    Ex. Now he plays with lots of kids and is frequently with different children each day depending upon which game or activity peaks his interest.
    Ex. Israeli wine may be young, but it's making a splash worldwide.
    Ex. Everyone here has made a big noise in support of the University of Maryland to the tune of $1000 or more.
    Ex. With our students, with our employees, the stress of the pulp and paper mill's shutdown is starting to hit home.
    * * *
    (v.) = call + attention to, conspicuousness, attract + attention, excite + attention, grab + Posesivo + attention, catch + Posesivo + eye, admonish, strike + Posesivo + fancy, capture + the attention, eye + catch, stand out, make + Reflexivo + conspicuous, cut + a dash, seek + attention, make + heads turn, catch + Posesivo + fancy, catch + Posesivo + attention, peak + Posesivo + interest, make + a splash, make + a big noise, hit + home

    Ex: The attention of the borrower is thus called to the presence of crossreferences.

    Ex: One of the most cited shortcomings of mobile advice centres, that their conspicuousness deters people from using them, does not seem to have been a problem.
    Ex: A few minutes spent with teacher and pupils talking about books conversationally in a by-the-way fashion serves the double purpose of preparing the right set of mind for reading while at the same time attracting attention to books that might be enjoyed.
    Ex: Bright new copies of an unknown book naturally excite more attention than old 'readers' soiled from overuse.
    Ex: Online and CD-ROM vendor literature should be read with caution: its aim is to grab attention and to sell.
    Ex: Some people do actually seek for fiction by title and author, or by author, rather than simply browsing along the shelves hoping for something to catch their eye.
    Ex: For nearly half a century librarians have been admonished to use history as a means to prevent mistakes and solve problems.
    Ex: Most books for children are selected by looking along the shelf until an attractive cover, familiar author's name or familiar title strikes the reader's fancy.
    Ex: Materials that capture the attention of reluctant readers divert their focus from the negative doubts of ability.
    Ex: As Klaus's acute observations are unhampered by romantic ideals, his eye catches the plastic trash by the roadway as well as the colors of moss on the landing strip.
    Ex: Three national library catalogues stand out as highly important sources of general bibliography.
    Ex: Even so, birds must balance the benefits of flashy feathers with the risks of making themselves conspicuous to sharp-eyed predators.
    Ex: He soon cut a dash with his liberal but pragmatic solutions to problems besetting the building industry in Sydney.
    Ex: In addition, children are always seeking attention from their parents.
    Ex: Be the centre of attention and make heads turn at any red carpet event with this new body lotion!.
    Ex: At nightfall, drop anchor at any place that catch your fancy and the lullaby of the gentle waves put you to sleep.
    Ex: Since these original initiatives were launched, however, the information superhighway idea has caught the attention of a diverse group of companies in the private sector.
    Ex: Now he plays with lots of kids and is frequently with different children each day depending upon which game or activity peaks his interest.
    Ex: Israeli wine may be young, but it's making a splash worldwide.
    Ex: Everyone here has made a big noise in support of the University of Maryland to the tune of $1000 or more.
    Ex: With our students, with our employees, the stress of the pulp and paper mill's shutdown is starting to hit home.

    Spanish-English dictionary > llamar la atención

  • 8 de tamaño medio

    (adj.) = medium-sized, mid-sized [midsized], middle-sized, medium size [medium-size], medium scale [medium-scale], mid-size [midsize]
    Ex. It was designed as a list of subject headings for use in the dictionary catalogues of medium-sized libraries.
    Ex. To a small or mid-sized business, information is critical for effective planning, growth and development.
    Ex. For people living in what might be called industrial-rural areas the best that could be expected locally would be a moderate provision in the local middle-sized town.
    Ex. The purpose of the project was to examine the costs and benefits of OCLC in small and medium size libraries of all types.
    Ex. The system will be made available to the patrons of a medium-scale branch library (c. 75000 volumes) via network access.
    Ex. Small to midsize companies are more likely to use technological surveillance (i.e., computer spy programs), as they're more readily available than undercover detective agencies, which can get a bit pricey.
    * * *
    (adj.) = medium-sized, mid-sized [midsized], middle-sized, medium size [medium-size], medium scale [medium-scale], mid-size [midsize]

    Ex: It was designed as a list of subject headings for use in the dictionary catalogues of medium-sized libraries.

    Ex: To a small or mid-sized business, information is critical for effective planning, growth and development.
    Ex: For people living in what might be called industrial-rural areas the best that could be expected locally would be a moderate provision in the local middle-sized town.
    Ex: The purpose of the project was to examine the costs and benefits of OCLC in small and medium size libraries of all types.
    Ex: The system will be made available to the patrons of a medium-scale branch library (c. 75000 volumes) via network access.
    Ex: Small to midsize companies are more likely to use technological surveillance (i.e., computer spy programs), as they're more readily available than undercover detective agencies, which can get a bit pricey.

    Spanish-English dictionary > de tamaño medio

  • 9 модульный центр обработки данных (ЦОД)

    1. modular data center

     

    модульный центр обработки данных (ЦОД)
    -
    [Интент]

    Параллельные тексты EN-RU

    [ http://loosebolts.wordpress.com/2008/12/02/our-vision-for-generation-4-modular-data-centers-one-way-of-getting-it-just-right/]

    [ http://dcnt.ru/?p=9299#more-9299]

    Data Centers are a hot topic these days. No matter where you look, this once obscure aspect of infrastructure is getting a lot of attention. For years, there have been cost pressures on IT operations and this, when the need for modern capacity is greater than ever, has thrust data centers into the spotlight. Server and rack density continues to rise, placing DC professionals and businesses in tighter and tougher situations while they struggle to manage their IT environments. And now hyper-scale cloud infrastructure is taking traditional technologies to limits never explored before and focusing the imagination of the IT industry on new possibilities.

    В настоящее время центры обработки данных являются широко обсуждаемой темой. Куда ни посмотришь, этот некогда малоизвестный аспект инфраструктуры привлекает все больше внимания. Годами ИТ-отделы испытывали нехватку средств и это выдвинуло ЦОДы в центр внимания, в то время, когда необходимость в современных ЦОДах стала как никогда высокой. Плотность серверов и стоек продолжают расти, все больше усложняя ситуацию для специалистов в области охлаждения и организаций в их попытках управлять своими ИТ-средами. И теперь гипермасштабируемая облачная инфраструктура подвергает традиционные технологии невиданным ранее нагрузкам, и заставляет ИТ-индустрию искать новые возможности.

    At Microsoft, we have focused a lot of thought and research around how to best operate and maintain our global infrastructure and we want to share those learnings. While obviously there are some aspects that we keep to ourselves, we have shared how we operate facilities daily, our technologies and methodologies, and, most importantly, how we monitor and manage our facilities. Whether it’s speaking at industry events, inviting customers to our “Microsoft data center conferences” held in our data centers, or through other media like blogging and white papers, we believe sharing best practices is paramount and will drive the industry forward. So in that vein, we have some interesting news to share.

    В компании MicroSoft уделяют большое внимание изучению наилучших методов эксплуатации и технического обслуживания своей глобальной инфраструктуры и делятся результатами своих исследований. И хотя мы, конечно, не раскрываем некоторые аспекты своих исследований, мы делимся повседневным опытом эксплуатации дата-центров, своими технологиями и методологиями и, что важнее всего, методами контроля и управления своими объектами. Будь то доклады на отраслевых событиях, приглашение клиентов на наши конференции, которые посвящены центрам обработки данных MicroSoft, и проводятся в этих самых дата-центрах, или использование других средств, например, блоги и спецификации, мы уверены, что обмен передовым опытом имеет первостепенное значение и будет продвигать отрасль вперед.

    Today we are sharing our Generation 4 Modular Data Center plan. This is our vision and will be the foundation of our cloud data center infrastructure in the next five years. We believe it is one of the most revolutionary changes to happen to data centers in the last 30 years. Joining me, in writing this blog are Daniel Costello, my director of Data Center Research and Engineering and Christian Belady, principal power and cooling architect. I feel their voices will add significant value to driving understanding around the many benefits included in this new design paradigm.

    Сейчас мы хотим поделиться своим планом модульного дата-центра четвертого поколения. Это наше видение и оно будет основанием для инфраструктуры наших облачных дата-центров в ближайшие пять лет. Мы считаем, что это одно из самых революционных изменений в дата-центрах за последние 30 лет. Вместе со мной в написании этого блога участвовали Дэниел Костелло, директор по исследованиям и инжинирингу дата-центров, и Кристиан Белади, главный архитектор систем энергоснабжения и охлаждения. Мне кажется, что их авторитет придаст больше веса большому количеству преимуществ, включенных в эту новую парадигму проектирования.

    Our “Gen 4” modular data centers will take the flexibility of containerized servers—like those in our Chicago data center—and apply it across the entire facility. So what do we mean by modular? Think of it like “building blocks”, where the data center will be composed of modular units of prefabricated mechanical, electrical, security components, etc., in addition to containerized servers.

    Was there a key driver for the Generation 4 Data Center?

    Наши модульные дата-центры “Gen 4” будут гибкими с контейнерами серверов – как серверы в нашем чикагском дата-центре. И гибкость будет применяться ко всему ЦОД. Итак, что мы подразумеваем под модульностью? Мы думаем о ней как о “строительных блоках”, где дата-центр будет состоять из модульных блоков изготовленных в заводских условиях электрических систем и систем охлаждения, а также систем безопасности и т.п., в дополнение к контейнеризованным серверам.
    Был ли ключевой стимул для разработки дата-центра четвертого поколения?


    If we were to summarize the promise of our Gen 4 design into a single sentence it would be something like this: “A highly modular, scalable, efficient, just-in-time data center capacity program that can be delivered anywhere in the world very quickly and cheaply, while allowing for continued growth as required.” Sounds too good to be true, doesn’t it? Well, keep in mind that these concepts have been in initial development and prototyping for over a year and are based on cumulative knowledge of previous facility generations and the advances we have made since we began our investments in earnest on this new design.

    Если бы нам нужно было обобщить достоинства нашего проекта Gen 4 в одном предложении, это выглядело бы следующим образом: “Центр обработки данных с высоким уровнем модульности, расширяемости, и энергетической эффективности, а также возможностью постоянного расширения, в случае необходимости, который можно очень быстро и дешево развертывать в любом месте мира”. Звучит слишком хорошо для того чтобы быть правдой, не так ли? Ну, не забывайте, что эти концепции находились в процессе начальной разработки и создания опытного образца в течение более одного года и основываются на опыте, накопленном в ходе развития предыдущих поколений ЦОД, а также успехах, сделанных нами со времени, когда мы начали вкладывать серьезные средства в этот новый проект.

    One of the biggest challenges we’ve had at Microsoft is something Mike likes to call the ‘Goldilock’s Problem’. In a nutshell, the problem can be stated as:

    The worst thing we can do in delivering facilities for the business is not have enough capacity online, thus limiting the growth of our products and services.

    Одну из самых больших проблем, с которыми приходилось сталкиваться Майкрософт, Майк любит называть ‘Проблемой Лютика’. Вкратце, эту проблему можно выразить следующим образом:

    Самое худшее, что может быть при строительстве ЦОД для бизнеса, это не располагать достаточными производственными мощностями, и тем самым ограничивать рост наших продуктов и сервисов.

    The second worst thing we can do in delivering facilities for the business is to have too much capacity online.

    А вторым самым худшим моментом в этой сфере может слишком большое количество производственных мощностей.

    This has led to a focus on smart, intelligent growth for the business — refining our overall demand picture. It can’t be too hot. It can’t be too cold. It has to be ‘Just Right!’ The capital dollars of investment are too large to make without long term planning. As we struggled to master these interesting challenges, we had to ensure that our technological plan also included solutions for the business and operational challenges we faced as well.
    So let’s take a high level look at our Generation 4 design

    Это заставило нас сосредоточиваться на интеллектуальном росте для бизнеса — refining our overall demand picture. Это не должно быть слишком горячим. И это не должно быть слишком холодным. Это должно быть ‘как раз, таким как надо!’ Нельзя делать такие большие капиталовложения без долгосрочного планирования. Пока мы старались решить эти интересные проблемы, мы должны были гарантировать, что наш технологический план будет также включать решения для коммерческих и эксплуатационных проблем, с которыми нам также приходилось сталкиваться.
    Давайте рассмотрим наш проект дата-центра четвертого поколения

    Are you ready for some great visuals? Check out this video at Soapbox. Click here for the Microsoft 4th Gen Video.

    It’s a concept video that came out of my Data Center Research and Engineering team, under Daniel Costello, that will give you a view into what we think is the future.

    From a configuration, construct-ability and time to market perspective, our primary goals and objectives are to modularize the whole data center. Not just the server side (like the Chicago facility), but the mechanical and electrical space as well. This means using the same kind of parts in pre-manufactured modules, the ability to use containers, skids, or rack-based deployments and the ability to tailor the Redundancy and Reliability requirements to the application at a very specific level.


    Посмотрите это видео, перейдите по ссылке для просмотра видео о Microsoft 4th Gen:

    Это концептуальное видео, созданное командой отдела Data Center Research and Engineering, возглавляемого Дэниелом Костелло, которое даст вам наше представление о будущем.

    С точки зрения конфигурации, строительной технологичности и времени вывода на рынок, нашими главными целями и задачами агрегатирование всего дата-центра. Не только серверную часть, как дата-центр в Чикаго, но также системы охлаждения и электрические системы. Это означает применение деталей одного типа в сборных модулях, возможность использования контейнеров, салазок, или стоечных систем, а также возможность подстраивать требования избыточности и надежности для данного приложения на очень специфичном уровне.

    Our goals from a cost perspective were simple in concept but tough to deliver. First and foremost, we had to reduce the capital cost per critical Mega Watt by the class of use. Some applications can run with N-level redundancy in the infrastructure, others require a little more infrastructure for support. These different classes of infrastructure requirements meant that optimizing for all cost classes was paramount. At Microsoft, we are not a one trick pony and have many Online products and services (240+) that require different levels of operational support. We understand that and ensured that we addressed it in our design which will allow us to reduce capital costs by 20%-40% or greater depending upon class.


    Нашими целями в области затрат были концептуально простыми, но трудно реализуемыми. В первую очередь мы должны были снизить капитальные затраты в пересчете на один мегаватт, в зависимости от класса резервирования. Некоторые приложения могут вполне работать на базе инфраструктуры с резервированием на уровне N, то есть без резервирования, а для работы других приложений требуется больше инфраструктуры. Эти разные классы требований инфраструктуры подразумевали, что оптимизация всех классов затрат имеет преобладающее значение. В Майкрософт мы не ограничиваемся одним решением и располагаем большим количеством интерактивных продуктов и сервисов (240+), которым требуются разные уровни эксплуатационной поддержки. Мы понимаем это, и учитываем это в своем проекте, который позволит нам сокращать капитальные затраты на 20%-40% или более в зависимости от класса.

    For example, non-critical or geo redundant applications have low hardware reliability requirements on a location basis. As a result, Gen 4 can be configured to provide stripped down, low-cost infrastructure with little or no redundancy and/or temperature control. Let’s say an Online service team decides that due to the dramatically lower cost, they will simply use uncontrolled outside air with temperatures ranging 10-35 C and 20-80% RH. The reality is we are already spec-ing this for all of our servers today and working with server vendors to broaden that range even further as Gen 4 becomes a reality. For this class of infrastructure, we eliminate generators, chillers, UPSs, and possibly lower costs relative to traditional infrastructure.

    Например, некритичные или гео-избыточные системы имеют низкие требования к аппаратной надежности на основе местоположения. В результате этого, Gen 4 можно конфигурировать для упрощенной, недорогой инфраструктуры с низким уровнем (или вообще без резервирования) резервирования и / или температурного контроля. Скажем, команда интерактивного сервиса решает, что, в связи с намного меньшими затратами, они будут просто использовать некондиционированный наружный воздух с температурой 10-35°C и влажностью 20-80% RH. В реальности мы уже сегодня предъявляем эти требования к своим серверам и работаем с поставщиками серверов над еще большим расширением диапазона температур, так как наш модуль и подход Gen 4 становится реальностью. Для подобного класса инфраструктуры мы удаляем генераторы, чиллеры, ИБП, и, возможно, будем предлагать более низкие затраты, по сравнению с традиционной инфраструктурой.

    Applications that demand higher level of redundancy or temperature control will use configurations of Gen 4 to meet those needs, however, they will also cost more (but still less than traditional data centers). We see this cost difference driving engineering behavioral change in that we predict more applications will drive towards Geo redundancy to lower costs.

    Системы, которым требуется более высокий уровень резервирования или температурного контроля, будут использовать конфигурации Gen 4, отвечающие этим требованиям, однако, они будут также стоить больше. Но все равно они будут стоить меньше, чем традиционные дата-центры. Мы предвидим, что эти различия в затратах будут вызывать изменения в методах инжиниринга, и по нашим прогнозам, это будет выражаться в переходе все большего числа систем на гео-избыточность и меньшие затраты.

    Another cool thing about Gen 4 is that it allows us to deploy capacity when our demand dictates it. Once finalized, we will no longer need to make large upfront investments. Imagine driving capital costs more closely in-line with actual demand, thus greatly reducing time-to-market and adding the capacity Online inherent in the design. Also reduced is the amount of construction labor required to put these “building blocks” together. Since the entire platform requires pre-manufacture of its core components, on-site construction costs are lowered. This allows us to maximize our return on invested capital.

    Еще одно достоинство Gen 4 состоит в том, что он позволяет нам разворачивать дополнительные мощности, когда нам это необходимо. Как только мы закончим проект, нам больше не нужно будет делать большие начальные капиталовложения. Представьте себе возможность более точного согласования капитальных затрат с реальными требованиями, и тем самым значительного снижения времени вывода на рынок и интерактивного добавления мощностей, предусматриваемого проектом. Также снижен объем строительных работ, требуемых для сборки этих “строительных блоков”. Поскольку вся платформа требует предварительного изготовления ее базовых компонентов, затраты на сборку также снижены. Это позволит нам увеличить до максимума окупаемость своих капиталовложений.
    Мы все подвергаем сомнению

    In our design process, we questioned everything. You may notice there is no roof and some might be uncomfortable with this. We explored the need of one and throughout our research we got some surprising (positive) results that showed one wasn’t needed.

    В своем процессе проектирования мы все подвергаем сомнению. Вы, наверное, обратили внимание на отсутствие крыши, и некоторым специалистам это могло не понравиться. Мы изучили необходимость в крыше и в ходе своих исследований получили удивительные результаты, которые показали, что крыша не нужна.
    Серийное производство дата центров


    In short, we are striving to bring Henry Ford’s Model T factory to the data center. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Ford#Model_T. Gen 4 will move data centers from a custom design and build model to a commoditized manufacturing approach. We intend to have our components built in factories and then assemble them in one location (the data center site) very quickly. Think about how a computer, car or plane is built today. Components are manufactured by different companies all over the world to a predefined spec and then integrated in one location based on demands and feature requirements. And just like Henry Ford’s assembly line drove the cost of building and the time-to-market down dramatically for the automobile industry, we expect Gen 4 to do the same for data centers. Everything will be pre-manufactured and assembled on the pad.

    Мы хотим применить модель автомобильной фабрики Генри Форда к дата-центру. Проект Gen 4 будет способствовать переходу от модели специализированного проектирования и строительства к товарно-производственному, серийному подходу. Мы намерены изготавливать свои компоненты на заводах, а затем очень быстро собирать их в одном месте, в месте строительства дата-центра. Подумайте о том, как сегодня изготавливается компьютер, автомобиль или самолет. Компоненты изготавливаются по заранее определенным спецификациям разными компаниями во всем мире, затем собираются в одном месте на основе спроса и требуемых характеристик. И точно так же как сборочный конвейер Генри Форда привел к значительному уменьшению затрат на производство и времени вывода на рынок в автомобильной промышленности, мы надеемся, что Gen 4 сделает то же самое для дата-центров. Все будет предварительно изготавливаться и собираться на месте.
    Невероятно энергоэффективный ЦОД


    And did we mention that this platform will be, overall, incredibly energy efficient? From a total energy perspective not only will we have remarkable PUE values, but the total cost of energy going into the facility will be greatly reduced as well. How much energy goes into making concrete? Will we need as much of it? How much energy goes into the fuel of the construction vehicles? This will also be greatly reduced! A key driver is our goal to achieve an average PUE at or below 1.125 by 2012 across our data centers. More than that, we are on a mission to reduce the overall amount of copper and water used in these facilities. We believe these will be the next areas of industry attention when and if the energy problem is solved. So we are asking today…“how can we build a data center with less building”?

    А мы упоминали, что эта платформа будет, в общем, невероятно энергоэффективной? С точки зрения общей энергии, мы получим не только поразительные значения PUE, но общая стоимость энергии, затраченной на объект будет также значительно снижена. Сколько энергии идет на производство бетона? Нам нужно будет столько энергии? Сколько энергии идет на питание инженерных строительных машин? Это тоже будет значительно снижено! Главным стимулом является достижение среднего PUE не больше 1.125 для всех наших дата-центров к 2012 году. Более того, у нас есть задача сокращения общего количества меди и воды в дата-центрах. Мы думаем, что эти задачи станут следующей заботой отрасли после того как будет решена энергетическая проблема. Итак, сегодня мы спрашиваем себя…“как можно построить дата-центр с меньшим объемом строительных работ”?
    Строительство дата центров без чиллеров

    We have talked openly and publicly about building chiller-less data centers and running our facilities using aggressive outside economization. Our sincerest hope is that Gen 4 will completely eliminate the use of water. Today’s data centers use massive amounts of water and we see water as the next scarce resource and have decided to take a proactive stance on making water conservation part of our plan.

    Мы открыто и публично говорили о строительстве дата-центров без чиллеров и активном использовании в наших центрах обработки данных технологий свободного охлаждения или фрикулинга. Мы искренне надеемся, что Gen 4 позволит полностью отказаться от использования воды. Современные дата-центры расходуют большие объемы воды и так как мы считаем воду следующим редким ресурсом, мы решили принять упреждающие меры и включить экономию воды в свой план.

    By sharing this with the industry, we believe everyone can benefit from our methodology. While this concept and approach may be intimidating (or downright frightening) to some in the industry, disclosure ultimately is better for all of us.

    Делясь этим опытом с отраслью, мы считаем, что каждый сможет извлечь выгоду из нашей методологией. Хотя эта концепция и подход могут показаться пугающими (или откровенно страшными) для некоторых отраслевых специалистов, раскрывая свои планы мы, в конечном счете, делаем лучше для всех нас.

    Gen 4 design (even more than just containers), could reduce the ‘religious’ debates in our industry. With the central spine infrastructure in place, containers or pre-manufactured server halls can be either AC or DC, air-side economized or water-side economized, or not economized at all (though the sanity of that might be questioned). Gen 4 will allow us to decommission, repair and upgrade quickly because everything is modular. No longer will we be governed by the initial decisions made when constructing the facility. We will have almost unlimited use and re-use of the facility and site. We will also be able to use power in an ultra-fluid fashion moving load from critical to non-critical as use and capacity requirements dictate.

    Проект Gen 4 позволит уменьшить ‘религиозные’ споры в нашей отрасли. Располагая базовой инфраструктурой, контейнеры или сборные серверные могут оборудоваться системами переменного или постоянного тока, воздушными или водяными экономайзерами, или вообще не использовать экономайзеры. Хотя можно подвергать сомнению разумность такого решения. Gen 4 позволит нам быстро выполнять работы по выводу из эксплуатации, ремонту и модернизации, поскольку все будет модульным. Мы больше не будем руководствоваться начальными решениями, принятыми во время строительства дата-центра. Мы сможем использовать этот дата-центр и инфраструктуру в течение почти неограниченного периода времени. Мы также сможем применять сверхгибкие методы использования электрической энергии, переводя оборудование в режимы критической или некритической нагрузки в соответствии с требуемой мощностью.
    Gen 4 – это стандартная платформа

    Finally, we believe this is a big game changer. Gen 4 will provide a standard platform that our industry can innovate around. For example, all modules in our Gen 4 will have common interfaces clearly defined by our specs and any vendor that meets these specifications will be able to plug into our infrastructure. Whether you are a computer vendor, UPS vendor, generator vendor, etc., you will be able to plug and play into our infrastructure. This means we can also source anyone, anywhere on the globe to minimize costs and maximize performance. We want to help motivate the industry to further innovate—with innovations from which everyone can reap the benefits.

    Наконец, мы уверены, что это будет фактором, который значительно изменит ситуацию. Gen 4 будет представлять собой стандартную платформу, которую отрасль сможет обновлять. Например, все модули в нашем Gen 4 будут иметь общепринятые интерфейсы, четко определяемые нашими спецификациями, и оборудование любого поставщика, которое отвечает этим спецификациям можно будет включать в нашу инфраструктуру. Независимо от того производите вы компьютеры, ИБП, генераторы и т.п., вы сможете включать свое оборудование нашу инфраструктуру. Это означает, что мы также сможем обеспечивать всех, в любом месте земного шара, тем самым сводя до минимума затраты и максимальной увеличивая производительность. Мы хотим создать в отрасли мотивацию для дальнейших инноваций – инноваций, от которых каждый сможет получать выгоду.
    Главные характеристики дата-центров четвертого поколения Gen4

    To summarize, the key characteristics of our Generation 4 data centers are:

    Scalable
    Plug-and-play spine infrastructure
    Factory pre-assembled: Pre-Assembled Containers (PACs) & Pre-Manufactured Buildings (PMBs)
    Rapid deployment
    De-mountable
    Reduce TTM
    Reduced construction
    Sustainable measures

    Ниже приведены главные характеристики дата-центров четвертого поколения Gen 4:

    Расширяемость;
    Готовая к использованию базовая инфраструктура;
    Изготовление в заводских условиях: сборные контейнеры (PAC) и сборные здания (PMB);
    Быстрота развертывания;
    Возможность демонтажа;
    Снижение времени вывода на рынок (TTM);
    Сокращение сроков строительства;
    Экологичность;

    Map applications to DC Class

    We hope you join us on this incredible journey of change and innovation!

    Long hours of research and engineering time are invested into this process. There are still some long days and nights ahead, but the vision is clear. Rest assured however, that we as refine Generation 4, the team will soon be looking to Generation 5 (even if it is a bit farther out). There is always room to get better.


    Использование систем электропитания постоянного тока.

    Мы надеемся, что вы присоединитесь к нам в этом невероятном путешествии по миру изменений и инноваций!

    На этот проект уже потрачены долгие часы исследований и проектирования. И еще предстоит потратить много дней и ночей, но мы имеем четкое представление о конечной цели. Однако будьте уверены, что как только мы доведем до конца проект модульного дата-центра четвертого поколения, мы вскоре начнем думать о проекте дата-центра пятого поколения. Всегда есть возможность для улучшений.

    So if you happen to come across Goldilocks in the forest, and you are curious as to why she is smiling you will know that she feels very good about getting very close to ‘JUST RIGHT’.

    Generations of Evolution – some background on our data center designs

    Так что, если вы встретите в лесу девочку по имени Лютик, и вам станет любопытно, почему она улыбается, вы будете знать, что она очень довольна тем, что очень близко подошла к ‘ОПИМАЛЬНОМУ РЕШЕНИЮ’.
    Поколения эволюции – история развития наших дата-центров

    We thought you might be interested in understanding what happened in the first three generations of our data center designs. When Ray Ozzie wrote his Software plus Services memo it posed a very interesting challenge to us. The winds of change were at ‘tornado’ proportions. That “plus Services” tag had some significant (and unstated) challenges inherent to it. The first was that Microsoft was going to evolve even further into an operations company. While we had been running large scale Internet services since 1995, this development lead us to an entirely new level. Additionally, these “services” would span across both Internet and Enterprise businesses. To those of you who have to operate “stuff”, you know that these are two very different worlds in operational models and challenges. It also meant that, to achieve the same level of reliability and performance required our infrastructure was going to have to scale globally and in a significant way.

    Мы подумали, что может быть вам будет интересно узнать историю первых трех поколений наших центров обработки данных. Когда Рэй Оззи написал свою памятную записку Software plus Services, он поставил перед нами очень интересную задачу. Ветра перемен двигались с ураганной скоростью. Это окончание “plus Services” скрывало в себе какие-то значительные и неопределенные задачи. Первая заключалась в том, что Майкрософт собиралась в еще большей степени стать операционной компанией. Несмотря на то, что мы управляли большими интернет-сервисами, начиная с 1995 г., эта разработка подняла нас на абсолютно новый уровень. Кроме того, эти “сервисы” охватывали интернет-компании и корпорации. Тем, кому приходится всем этим управлять, известно, что есть два очень разных мира в области операционных моделей и задач. Это также означало, что для достижения такого же уровня надежности и производительности требовалось, чтобы наша инфраструктура располагала значительными возможностями расширения в глобальных масштабах.

    It was that intense atmosphere of change that we first started re-evaluating data center technology and processes in general and our ideas began to reach farther than what was accepted by the industry at large. This was the era of Generation 1. As we look at where most of the world’s data centers are today (and where our facilities were), it represented all the known learning and design requirements that had been in place since IBM built the first purpose-built computer room. These facilities focused more around uptime, reliability and redundancy. Big infrastructure was held accountable to solve all potential environmental shortfalls. This is where the majority of infrastructure in the industry still is today.

    Именно в этой атмосфере серьезных изменений мы впервые начали переоценку ЦОД-технологий и технологий вообще, и наши идеи начали выходить за пределы общепринятых в отрасли представлений. Это была эпоха ЦОД первого поколения. Когда мы узнали, где сегодня располагается большинство мировых дата-центров и где находятся наши предприятия, это представляло весь опыт и навыки проектирования, накопленные со времени, когда IBM построила первую серверную. В этих ЦОД больше внимания уделялось бесперебойной работе, надежности и резервированию. Большая инфраструктура была призвана решать все потенциальные экологические проблемы. Сегодня большая часть инфраструктуры все еще находится на этом этапе своего развития.

    We soon realized that traditional data centers were quickly becoming outdated. They were not keeping up with the demands of what was happening technologically and environmentally. That’s when we kicked off our Generation 2 design. Gen 2 facilities started taking into account sustainability, energy efficiency, and really looking at the total cost of energy and operations.

    Очень быстро мы поняли, что стандартные дата-центры очень быстро становятся устаревшими. Они не поспевали за темпами изменений технологических и экологических требований. Именно тогда мы стали разрабатывать ЦОД второго поколения. В этих дата-центрах Gen 2 стали принимать во внимание такие факторы как устойчивое развитие, энергетическая эффективность, а также общие энергетические и эксплуатационные.

    No longer did we view data centers just for the upfront capital costs, but we took a hard look at the facility over the course of its life. Our Quincy, Washington and San Antonio, Texas facilities are examples of our Gen 2 data centers where we explored and implemented new ways to lessen the impact on the environment. These facilities are considered two leading industry examples, based on their energy efficiency and ability to run and operate at new levels of scale and performance by leveraging clean hydro power (Quincy) and recycled waste water (San Antonio) to cool the facility during peak cooling months.

    Мы больше не рассматривали дата-центры только с точки зрения начальных капитальных затрат, а внимательно следили за работой ЦОД на протяжении его срока службы. Наши объекты в Куинси, Вашингтоне, и Сан-Антонио, Техас, являются образцами наших ЦОД второго поколения, в которых мы изучали и применяли на практике новые способы снижения воздействия на окружающую среду. Эти объекты считаются двумя ведущими отраслевыми примерами, исходя из их энергетической эффективности и способности работать на новых уровнях производительности, основанных на использовании чистой энергии воды (Куинси) и рециклирования отработанной воды (Сан-Антонио) для охлаждения объекта в самых жарких месяцах.

    As we were delivering our Gen 2 facilities into steel and concrete, our Generation 3 facilities were rapidly driving the evolution of the program. The key concepts for our Gen 3 design are increased modularity and greater concentration around energy efficiency and scale. The Gen 3 facility will be best represented by the Chicago, Illinois facility currently under construction. This facility will seem very foreign compared to the traditional data center concepts most of the industry is comfortable with. In fact, if you ever sit around in our container hanger in Chicago it will look incredibly different from a traditional raised-floor data center. We anticipate this modularization will drive huge efficiencies in terms of cost and operations for our business. We will also introduce significant changes in the environmental systems used to run our facilities. These concepts and processes (where applicable) will help us gain even greater efficiencies in our existing footprint, allowing us to further maximize infrastructure investments.

    Так как наши ЦОД второго поколения строились из стали и бетона, наши центры обработки данных третьего поколения начали их быстро вытеснять. Главными концептуальными особенностями ЦОД третьего поколения Gen 3 являются повышенная модульность и большее внимание к энергетической эффективности и масштабированию. Дата-центры третьего поколения лучше всего представлены объектом, который в настоящее время строится в Чикаго, Иллинойс. Этот ЦОД будет выглядеть очень необычно, по сравнению с общепринятыми в отрасли представлениями о дата-центре. Действительно, если вам когда-либо удастся побывать в нашем контейнерном ангаре в Чикаго, он покажется вам совершенно непохожим на обычный дата-центр с фальшполом. Мы предполагаем, что этот модульный подход будет способствовать значительному повышению эффективности нашего бизнеса в отношении затрат и операций. Мы также внесем существенные изменения в климатические системы, используемые в наших ЦОД. Эти концепции и технологии, если применимо, позволят нам добиться еще большей эффективности наших существующих дата-центров, и тем самым еще больше увеличивать капиталовложения в инфраструктуру.

    This is definitely a journey, not a destination industry. In fact, our Generation 4 design has been under heavy engineering for viability and cost for over a year. While the demand of our commercial growth required us to make investments as we grew, we treated each step in the learning as a process for further innovation in data centers. The design for our future Gen 4 facilities enabled us to make visionary advances that addressed the challenges of building, running, and operating facilities all in one concerted effort.

    Это определенно путешествие, а не конечный пункт назначения. На самом деле, наш проект ЦОД четвертого поколения подвергался серьезным испытаниям на жизнеспособность и затраты на протяжении целого года. Хотя необходимость в коммерческом росте требовала от нас постоянных капиталовложений, мы рассматривали каждый этап своего развития как шаг к будущим инновациям в области дата-центров. Проект наших будущих ЦОД четвертого поколения Gen 4 позволил нам делать фантастические предположения, которые касались задач строительства, управления и эксплуатации объектов как единого упорядоченного процесса.

    Тематики

    Синонимы

    EN

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > модульный центр обработки данных (ЦОД)

  • 10 correr

    v.
    1 to run (persona, animal).
    me gusta correr todas las mañanas I like to go for a run every morning
    ¡corre a pedir ayuda! run for help!
    a todo correr at full speed o pelt
    María corrió hacia la casa Mary ran towards the house.
    El agua corre libremente Water runs free.
    Ellos corren riesgos They run risks.
    Pedro corre el programa en su computadora Peter runs the program on his...
    2 to drive fast.
    3 to flow.
    4 to pass, to go by (time).
    esta última semana ha pasado corriendo this last week has flown by
    5 to spread (noticia).
    corre el rumor de que… there's a rumor that…
    Los rumores corren sin tregua Rumors circulate relentlessly.
    corrió los 100 metros he ran the 100 meters
    7 to move or pull up (mover) (mesa, silla).
    corre la cabeza, que no veo move your head out of the way, I can't see
    Ricardo corrió los muebles Richard moved the furniture.
    8 to run (informal) (computing) (programa, aplicación).
    9 to operate, to run.
    Los programas corren sin problema The programs run without a problem.
    10 to fire, to dismiss, to boot out.
    María corrió al jardinero Mary fired the gardener.
    11 to expand, to propagate, to spread.
    El fuego corrió por toda la selva The fire spread throughout the jungle.
    * * *
    1 (gen) to run
    2 (darse prisa) to rush, hurry
    ■ ¡corre, es tarde! hurry up, it's late!
    3 (viento) to blow
    4 (agua) to flow, run
    5 (tiempo) to pass, fly
    6 (noticias) to spread, circulate
    7 (conductor) to drive fast
    8 (coche) to go fast
    9 (sueldo, interés) to be payable
    10 (puerta, ventana) to slide
    11 (moneda) to be legal tender
    1 (distancia) to cover; (país) to travel through
    2 (carrera) to run; (caballo) to race, run
    3 (echar) to close; (cortina) to draw; (cerrojo) to bolt
    4 (mover) to pull up, move, draw up
    6 (aventura) to have
    7 (avergonzar) to make ashamed
    8 (turbar) to make embarrassed
    1 (persona) to move over; (objeto) to shift, slide
    2 (color, tinta) to run
    3 (media) to ladder
    4 (avergonzarse) to blush, go red
    \
    a todo correr at full speed
    correr a cargo de alguien (ocuparse) to take care of something 2 (pagar) to pay for something
    correr con algo to be responsible for something
    correr con los gastos to foot the bill
    corre la voz de que... rumour has it that...
    correr mundo to be a globe-trotter
    correr un peligro to be in danger
    correrla familiar to live it up
    dejar correr algo to let something drop, let something ride
    el mes que corre the current month
    * * *
    verb
    1) to run,
    2) rush
    3) flow
    * * *
    1. VI
    1) (=ir deprisa) [persona, animal] to run; [vehículo] to go fast

    ¡cómo corre este coche! — this car's really fast!, this car can really go some!

    no corras tanto, que hay hielo en la carretera — don't go so fast, the road's icy

    • echar a correr — to start running, break into a run

    2) (=darse prisa) to hurry, rush

    ¡corre! — hurry (up)!

    me voy corriendo, que sale el tren dentro de diez minutos — I must dash, the train leaves in ten minutes

    llega el jefe, más vale que te vayas corriendo — the boss is coming so you'd better get out of here

    • hacer algo a todo correr — to do sth as fast as one can

    3) (=fluir) [agua] to run, flow; [aire] to flow; [grifo, fuente] to run

    corre mucho viento — there's a strong wind blowing, it's very windy

    el camino corre por un paisaje pintoresco — the road runs o goes through picturesque countryside

    • correr paralelo a, una cadena montañosa que corre paralela a la costa — a chain of mountains that runs parallel to the coast

    la historia de los ordenadores corre paralela a los adelantos en materia de semiconductores — the history of computers runs parallel to advances in semiconductor technology

    4) [tiempo]

    ¡cómo corre el tiempo! — time flies!

    el mes que corre — the current month, the present month

    al o con el correr del tiempo — over the years

    en estos o los tiempos que corren — nowadays, these days

    5) (=moverse) [rumor] to go round; [creencia] to be widespread
    6) (=hacerse cargo)

    • correr a cargo de algn, eso corre a cargo de la empresa — the company will take care of that

    • correr con algo, correr con los gastos — to meet o bear the expenses

    correr con la casa — to run the house, manage the house

    7) (Econ) [sueldo] to be payable; [moneda] to be valid
    8)

    correr a o por — (=venderse) to sell at

    2. VT
    1) (Dep) [+ distancia] to run; [+ prueba] to compete in
    2) (=desplazar) [+ objeto] to move along; [+ silla] to move; [+ balanza] to tip; [+ nudo] to adjust; [+ vela] to unfurl
    velo 1)
    3) (=hacer correr) [+ caballo] to run, race; [+ caza] to chase, pursue

    correr un toro — to run in front of and avoid being gored by a charging bull for sport

    4) (=tener) [+ riesgo] to run; [+ suerte] to suffer, undergo
    prisa
    5) (=extender)
    6) (Mil) (=invadir) to raid; (=destruir) to lay waste
    7) (Com) to auction
    8) (=abochornar) to embarrass
    9) esp LAm * (=expulsar) to chuck out *
    10)

    correrla — * (=ir de juerga) to live it up *

    3.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo intransitivo
    1)

    bajó/subió las escaleras corriendo — she ran down/up the stairs

    echó a correr — he started to run, he broke into a run

    salió a todo correr — he went/came shooting out

    b) (Dep) atleta to run; caballo to run
    c) (Auto, Dep) piloto/conductor to race
    2)

    corre, ponte los zapatos! — hurry o quick, put your shoes on!

    no corras tanto que te equivocarás — don't rush it o don't do it so quickly, you'll only make mistakes

    corrí a llamarte/a escribirte — I rushed to call you/write to you

    b) (fam) (ir, moverse) (+ compl) vehículo/conductor

    corre mucho — he drives too/very fast

    3)
    a) (+ compl) cordillera/carretera to run; río to run, flow
    b) agua to flow, run; sangre to flow

    dejar correr algo — to let something go

    corre el rumor de que... — there is a rumor going around that..., rumor has it that...

    corrió la voz de que... — there was a rumor that...

    d) polea to run; puerta to slide

    la cremallera no corre — the zipper (AmE) o (BrE) zip is stuck

    el pestillo no corre — I can't bolt/unbolt the door

    a) (pasar, transcurrir)

    corría el año 1939 cuando... — it was in 1939 that...

    con el correr de los años — as time went/goes by

    b) ( pasar de prisa) to fly
    5) sueldo/alquiler to be payable

    correr con algo — < con gastos> to pay something; < con organización> to be responsible for something

    2.
    correr vt
    1)
    a) (Dep) < maratón> to run

    corrió los 1.500 metros — he ran the 1,500 meters

    b) (Auto, Dep) <prueba/gran premio> to race in
    2)
    a) (fam) (echar, expulsar) to kick... out (colloq), to chuck... out (colloq)
    b) (fam) ( perseguir) to run after
    3)
    4) ( mover)
    a) <botón/ficha/silla> to move
    b) < cortina> ( cerrar) to draw o close; ( abrir) to open o pull back
    c) (Inf) < texto> to scroll
    3.
    correrse v pron
    1) ( moverse)
    a) silla/cama to move; pieza/carga to shift
    b) (fam) persona to move up o over
    2)
    a) tinta to run; rímel/maquillaje to run, smudge; (+ me/te/le etc)
    b) (AmL) media to ladder
    3) (Esp arg) ( llegar al orgasmo) to come (colloq)
    * * *
    = flow, race, running, jogging, course.
    Ex. At this disclosure, a flush flowed from Leforte's cheeks to her neck.
    Ex. These companies have been racing to define the information superhighway for themselves, and to stake a claim in what they view as the economic engine of the information age.
    Ex. Thus in games, manipulatory skills are often exercised and extended, as for example in games that involve running, climbing or making objects -- bows and arrows, catapults, clothes for dolls, and so on.
    Ex. Major risk factors for cardiovascular disease are discussed, as well as how development of coronary disease can be attenuated or arrested by a prolonged routine of jogging.
    Ex. The disease is called temporal arteritis because the temporal arteries, which course along the sides of the head just in front of the ears (to the temples), often become inflamed.
    ----
    * con el correr del tiempo = over the years, in the process of time, with the passage of time.
    * corre el rumor de que = rumour has it that.
    * corre la voz de que = rumour has it that.
    * correr a cargo de = be the responsibility of.
    * correr a toda velocidad = sprint.
    * correr como alma que lleva el diablo = run for + Posesivo + life.
    * correr con los gastos = bear + the cost(s), pick up + the tab, pay + the piper.
    * correr de acá para allá = rush around.
    * correr de aquí para allá = rush around, run + here and there.
    * correr de la cuenta de Alguien = be on + Pronombre.
    * correr desaforadamente = run for + Posesivo + life.
    * correr de un sitio para otro = rush around.
    * correr el peligro de = be in danger (of), run + the danger of.
    * correr el riesgo = risk, face + the risk, chance, take + Posesivo + chances.
    * correr la impresión = slur + impression.
    * correr la voz = spread + the news, spread + the word.
    * correr más deprisa que = outrun [out-run].
    * correr mundo = see + life, see + the world.
    * correr peligro = be at risk.
    * correr que se las pela = run for + Posesivo + life.
    * correr ríos de tinta = spill + vast quantities of ink, a lot + be written about, much + be written about.
    * correrse = come.
    * correrse dormido = wet dream.
    * correrse una juerga = have + a ball, have + a great time.
    * correr un gran riesgo = play (for) + high stakes.
    * correr un riesgo = run + risk, take + risks, take + chances (on).
    * correr un tupido velo sobre = draw + a veil over.
    * correr un velo sobre las cosas = sweep + things under the rug.
    * corría el rumor de que = rumour had it that.
    * corría la voz de que = rumour had it that.
    * corriendo con los gastos = at + Posesivo + own expense.
    * de bulla y corriendo = in a rush.
    * dejar el agua correr = let bygones be bygones.
    * echar a correr = bolt, make + a bolt for, take off + running, take to + Posesivo + heels, run off.
    * entrar y salir corriendo = run in and out.
    * gastos + correr a cuenta de = bear + the cost(s).
    * hacer correr la voz = spread + the word, spread + the good word, pass on + the good word, spread + the news.
    * ir corriendo = hot-foot it to.
    * ir corriendo a = dash off to, run off to.
    * irse corriendo = dash off, shoot off.
    * llevar al hospital de bulla y corriendo = rush + Nombre + to hospital.
    * máquina de andar o correr estática = treadmill.
    * no correr prisa = there + be + no hurry.
    * salir corriendo = leg it, run off, run away, bolt, make + a bolt for, dash off, take off, shoot off, take off + running, take to + Posesivo + heels.
    * salir corriendo a la calle = run into + the street.
    * volver corriendo = scurry back.
    * zapatilla de correr = running shoe.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo intransitivo
    1)

    bajó/subió las escaleras corriendo — she ran down/up the stairs

    echó a correr — he started to run, he broke into a run

    salió a todo correr — he went/came shooting out

    b) (Dep) atleta to run; caballo to run
    c) (Auto, Dep) piloto/conductor to race
    2)

    corre, ponte los zapatos! — hurry o quick, put your shoes on!

    no corras tanto que te equivocarás — don't rush it o don't do it so quickly, you'll only make mistakes

    corrí a llamarte/a escribirte — I rushed to call you/write to you

    b) (fam) (ir, moverse) (+ compl) vehículo/conductor

    corre mucho — he drives too/very fast

    3)
    a) (+ compl) cordillera/carretera to run; río to run, flow
    b) agua to flow, run; sangre to flow

    dejar correr algo — to let something go

    corre el rumor de que... — there is a rumor going around that..., rumor has it that...

    corrió la voz de que... — there was a rumor that...

    d) polea to run; puerta to slide

    la cremallera no corre — the zipper (AmE) o (BrE) zip is stuck

    el pestillo no corre — I can't bolt/unbolt the door

    a) (pasar, transcurrir)

    corría el año 1939 cuando... — it was in 1939 that...

    con el correr de los años — as time went/goes by

    b) ( pasar de prisa) to fly
    5) sueldo/alquiler to be payable

    correr con algo — < con gastos> to pay something; < con organización> to be responsible for something

    2.
    correr vt
    1)
    a) (Dep) < maratón> to run

    corrió los 1.500 metros — he ran the 1,500 meters

    b) (Auto, Dep) <prueba/gran premio> to race in
    2)
    a) (fam) (echar, expulsar) to kick... out (colloq), to chuck... out (colloq)
    b) (fam) ( perseguir) to run after
    3)
    4) ( mover)
    a) <botón/ficha/silla> to move
    b) < cortina> ( cerrar) to draw o close; ( abrir) to open o pull back
    c) (Inf) < texto> to scroll
    3.
    correrse v pron
    1) ( moverse)
    a) silla/cama to move; pieza/carga to shift
    b) (fam) persona to move up o over
    2)
    a) tinta to run; rímel/maquillaje to run, smudge; (+ me/te/le etc)
    b) (AmL) media to ladder
    3) (Esp arg) ( llegar al orgasmo) to come (colloq)
    * * *
    = flow, race, running, jogging, course.

    Ex: At this disclosure, a flush flowed from Leforte's cheeks to her neck.

    Ex: These companies have been racing to define the information superhighway for themselves, and to stake a claim in what they view as the economic engine of the information age.
    Ex: Thus in games, manipulatory skills are often exercised and extended, as for example in games that involve running, climbing or making objects -- bows and arrows, catapults, clothes for dolls, and so on.
    Ex: Major risk factors for cardiovascular disease are discussed, as well as how development of coronary disease can be attenuated or arrested by a prolonged routine of jogging.
    Ex: The disease is called temporal arteritis because the temporal arteries, which course along the sides of the head just in front of the ears (to the temples), often become inflamed.
    * con el correr del tiempo = over the years, in the process of time, with the passage of time.
    * corre el rumor de que = rumour has it that.
    * corre la voz de que = rumour has it that.
    * correr a cargo de = be the responsibility of.
    * correr a toda velocidad = sprint.
    * correr como alma que lleva el diablo = run for + Posesivo + life.
    * correr con los gastos = bear + the cost(s), pick up + the tab, pay + the piper.
    * correr de acá para allá = rush around.
    * correr de aquí para allá = rush around, run + here and there.
    * correr de la cuenta de Alguien = be on + Pronombre.
    * correr desaforadamente = run for + Posesivo + life.
    * correr de un sitio para otro = rush around.
    * correr el peligro de = be in danger (of), run + the danger of.
    * correr el riesgo = risk, face + the risk, chance, take + Posesivo + chances.
    * correr la impresión = slur + impression.
    * correr la voz = spread + the news, spread + the word.
    * correr más deprisa que = outrun [out-run].
    * correr mundo = see + life, see + the world.
    * correr peligro = be at risk.
    * correr que se las pela = run for + Posesivo + life.
    * correr ríos de tinta = spill + vast quantities of ink, a lot + be written about, much + be written about.
    * correrse = come.
    * correrse dormido = wet dream.
    * correrse una juerga = have + a ball, have + a great time.
    * correr un gran riesgo = play (for) + high stakes.
    * correr un riesgo = run + risk, take + risks, take + chances (on).
    * correr un tupido velo sobre = draw + a veil over.
    * correr un velo sobre las cosas = sweep + things under the rug.
    * corría el rumor de que = rumour had it that.
    * corría la voz de que = rumour had it that.
    * corriendo con los gastos = at + Posesivo + own expense.
    * de bulla y corriendo = in a rush.
    * dejar el agua correr = let bygones be bygones.
    * echar a correr = bolt, make + a bolt for, take off + running, take to + Posesivo + heels, run off.
    * entrar y salir corriendo = run in and out.
    * gastos + correr a cuenta de = bear + the cost(s).
    * hacer correr la voz = spread + the word, spread + the good word, pass on + the good word, spread + the news.
    * ir corriendo = hot-foot it to.
    * ir corriendo a = dash off to, run off to.
    * irse corriendo = dash off, shoot off.
    * llevar al hospital de bulla y corriendo = rush + Nombre + to hospital.
    * máquina de andar o correr estática = treadmill.
    * no correr prisa = there + be + no hurry.
    * salir corriendo = leg it, run off, run away, bolt, make + a bolt for, dash off, take off, shoot off, take off + running, take to + Posesivo + heels.
    * salir corriendo a la calle = run into + the street.
    * volver corriendo = scurry back.
    * zapatilla de correr = running shoe.

    * * *
    correr [E1 ]
    vi
    A
    1 to run
    tuve que correr para no perder el tren I had to run or I'd have missed the train
    bajó las escaleras corriendo she ran down the stairs
    los atracadores salieron corriendo del banco the robbers ran out of the bank
    iba corriendo y se cayó she was running and she fell over
    corrían tras el ladrón they were running after the thief
    echó a correr he started to run, he broke into a run
    cuando lo vio corrió a su encuentro when she saw him she rushed o ran to meet him
    a todo correr at top speed, as fast as I/he could
    salió a todo correr he went/came shooting out
    corre que te corre: se fueron, corre que te corre, para la playa they went tearing o racing off to the beach
    el que no corre vuela you have to be quick off the mark
    2 ( Dep) «atleta» to run; «caballo» to run
    sale a correr todas las mañanas she goes out running o jogging every morning, she goes for a run every morning
    corre en la maratón he's running in the marathon
    3 ( Auto, Dep) «piloto/conductor» to race
    corre con una escudería italiana he races o drives for an Italian team
    B
    1
    (apresurarse): llevo todo el día corriendo de un lado para otro I've been rushing around all day long, I've been on the go all day long ( colloq)
    ¡corre, ponte los zapatos! hurry o quick, put your shoes on!
    no corras tanto que te equivocarás don't rush it o don't do it so quickly, you'll only make mistakes
    en cuanto me enteré corrí a llamarte/a escribirle as soon as I heard, I rushed to call you/write to him
    vino pero se fue corriendo he came but he rushed off o raced off again
    se fueron corriendo al hospital they rushed to the hospital
    2 ( fam) (ir, moverse) (+ compl):
    corre mucho he drives too/very fast
    esa moto corre mucho that motorcycle is o goes really fast
    C
    1 (+ compl) «cordillera/carretera» to run; «río» to run, flow
    corre paralela a la costa it runs parallel to the coast
    el río corre por un valle abrupto the river runs o flows through a steep-sided valley
    2 «agua» to flow, run; «sangre» to flow
    corría una brisa suave there was a gentle breeze, a gentle breeze was blowing
    corre mucho viento hoy it's very windy today
    el champán corría como agua the champagne flowed like water
    3
    «rumor»: corre el rumor de que … there is a rumor going around that …, word o rumor has it that …
    corrió la voz de que se había fugado there was a rumor that she had escaped
    4 «polea» to run
    la cremallera no corre the zipper ( AmE) o ( BrE) zip is stuck o won't do up/undo
    el pestillo no corre I can't bolt/unbolt the door, the bolt won't move o slide
    D «días/meses/años»
    1
    (pasar, transcurrir): corren tiempos difíciles these are difficult times
    corría el año 1939 cuando … it was in 1939 that …
    con el correr de los años as time went/goes by, as years passed/pass
    el mes que corre this month, in the current month ( frml)
    ¡cómo corre el tiempo! how time flies!
    los días pasan corriendo the days fly by o go by in a flash
    E
    1 «sueldo/alquiler» to be payable
    2 (ser válido) to be valid
    las nuevas tarifas empezarán a correr a partir de mañana the new rates come into effect from tomorrow
    ya sabes que esas excusas aquí no corren (CS); you know you can't get away with excuses like that here, you know excuses like that won't wash with me/us ( colloq)
    estos bonos ya no corren these vouchers are no longer valid
    3 (venderse) correr A or POR algo to sell AT o FOR sth
    F correr con ‹gastos› to pay
    la empresa corrió con los gastos de la mudanza the firm paid the removal expenses o the moving expenses o met the cost of the removal
    el Ayuntamiento corrió con la organización del certamen the town council organized o was responsible for organizing the competition
    ■ correr
    vt
    A
    1 ( Dep) ‹maratón› to run
    corrió los 1.500 metros he ran the 1,500 meters
    correrla ( fam); to go out on the town ( colloq)
    2 ( Auto, Dep) ‹prueba/gran premio› to race in
    B
    1 ( fam) (echar, expulsar) to kick … out ( colloq), to chuck … out ( colloq)
    lo corrieron del pueblo they ran him out of town
    2 ( fam) (perseguir) to chase, run after
    acaba de salir, si la corres, la alcanzas (Col, RPl); she's just gone out, if you run you'll catch her (up)
    C
    1
    (exponerse a): quiero estar seguro, no quiero correr riesgos I want to be sure, I don't want to take any risks
    corres el riesgo de perderlo/de que te lo roben you run the risk of o you risk losing it/having it stolen
    aquí no corres peligro you're safe here o you're not in any danger here
    2
    (experimentar): ambos corrieron parecida suerte they both suffered a similar fate
    juntos corrimos grandes aventuras we lived through o had great adventures together
    1 ‹botón/ficha/silla› to move
    2 ‹cortina› to draw
    corre el cerrojo bolt the door, slide the bolt across/back
    corra la pesa hasta que se equilibre slide the weight along until it balances
    3 ( Inf) ‹texto› to scroll
    E ( ant); ‹territorio› to raid
    F
    ( Chi fam) (propinar): córreles palo give them a good beating
    les corrió balas a todos he sprayed them all with bullets
    1 «pieza» to shift, move; «carga» to shift
    2 ( fam); «persona» to move up o over, shift up o over ( colloq)
    3 ( Chi fam) (escurrirse, escabullir) to slip away
    B
    1 «tinta» to run; «rímel/maquillaje» (+ me/te/le etc) to run, smudge
    2 ( AmL) «media» to ladder, run
    se me corrió un punto del suéter I pulled a thread in my sweater and it ran
    * * *

     

    correr ( conjugate correr) verbo intransitivo
    1

    ◊ bajó/subió las escaleras corriendo she ran down/up the stairs;

    salieron corriendo del banco they ran out of the bank;
    echó a correr he started to run
    b) (Auto, Dep) [piloto/conductor] to race

    2

    ◊ ¡corre, ponte los zapatos! hurry o quick, put your shoes on!;

    no corras tanto que te equivocarás don't do it so quickly, you'll only make mistakes ;
    corrí a llamarte I rushed to call you;
    me tengo que ir corriendo I have to rush off
    b) (fam) [ vehículo] to go fast;

    [ conductor] to drive fast
    3
    a) [carretera/río] to run;

    [ agua] to run;
    [ sangre] to flow;

    b) [ rumor]:

    ◊ corre el rumor/la voz de que … there is a rumor going around that …

    4 (pasar, transcurrir):
    ◊ corría el año 1973 cuando … it was 1973 when …;

    con el correr de los años as time went/goes by;
    ¡cómo corre el tiempo! how time flies!
    5 ( hacerse cargo) correr con algo ‹ con gastos› to pay sth;
    ‹ con organización› to be responsible for sth
    verbo transitivo
    1
    a) (Dep) ‹ maratón› to run

    b) (Auto, Dep) ‹prueba/gran premio› to race in

    2 ( exponerse a):

    aquí no corres peligro you're safe here
    3
    a) ‹botón/ficha/silla› to move;

    ‹ cortina› ( cerrar) to draw, close;
    ( abrir) to open, pull back;

    b) (Inf) ‹ texto› to scroll

    correrse verbo pronominal
    1
    a) [silla/cama] to move;

    [pieza/carga] to shift
    b) (fam) [ persona] to move up o over

    2
    a) [ tinta] to run;

    [rímel/maquillaje] to run, smudge;

    b) (AmL) [ media] to ladder

    correr
    I verbo intransitivo
    1 to run
    (ir deprisa) to go fast
    (al conducir) to drive fast
    2 (el viento) to blow
    (un río) to flow
    3 (darse prisa) to hurry: corre, que no llegamos, hurry up or we'll be late
    figurado corrí a hablar con él, I rushed to talk to him
    4 (estar en situación de) correr peligro, to be in danger
    correr prisa, to be urgent
    II verbo transitivo
    1 (estar expuesto a) to have
    correr el riesgo, to run the risk
    2 (una cortina) to draw
    (un cerrojo) to close
    3 (un mueble) to pull up, draw up
    ♦ Locuciones: corre a mi cargo, I'll take care of it
    correr con los gastos, to foot the bill
    ' correr' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    bola
    - cargo
    - colorada
    - colorado
    - echar
    - liebre
    - pareja
    - parejo
    - pestillo
    - prisa
    - riesgo
    - tinta
    - velo
    - voz
    - Y
    - agua
    - condenado
    - condición
    - corretear
    - dejar
    - desaforado
    - desplazar
    - peligro
    - soler
    - tropezar
    - viento
    English:
    about
    - afford
    - bear
    - charge
    - danger
    - dash
    - draw
    - gamble
    - go about
    - meet
    - outrun
    - pelt
    - pound
    - pour
    - pull
    - race
    - race along
    - ride
    - risk
    - run
    - run with
    - running
    - rush
    - rush around
    - scurry
    - streak
    - tear along
    - trickle
    - unleash
    - as
    - budge
    - caper
    - cover
    - flow
    - fly
    - go
    - hell
    - jog
    - like
    - mad
    - move
    - put
    - shift
    - slide
    - smudge
    - spread
    - sweep
    - throw
    - wind
    * * *
    ♦ vi
    1. [persona, animal] to run;
    me gusta correr todas las mañanas I like to go for a run every morning;
    se fue corriendo he ran off o away;
    miles de fans corrieron al encuentro del cantante thousands of fans ran to greet o meet the singer;
    ¡corre a pedir ayuda! run for help!;
    varias personas corrieron tras el asaltante several people ran after the robber;
    echar a correr to start running;
    Fam
    corre que se las pela she runs like the wind;
    Fam
    el que no corre, vuela you've got to be on your toes o quick around here
    2. [apresurarse]
    ¡corre, que vamos a perder el autobús! hurry up, we're going to miss the bus!;
    no corras, que te vas a equivocar don't rush yourself, or you'll make a mistake;
    cuando me enteré del accidente, corrí a visitarla when I heard about the accident I went to visit her as soon as I could o I rushed to visit her;
    estoy agotado, toda la mañana corriendo de aquí para allá I'm exhausted, I've been rushing o running around all morning;
    corre, que va a empezar la película quick, the film's about to start;
    a todo correr: hay que acabar este trabajo a todo correr we have to finish this job as quickly as possible;
    cuando se enteró de la noticia, vino a todo correr when she heard the news she came as quickly as she could
    3. [competir] [atleta, caballo] to run;
    [ciclista] to ride;
    corre con una moto japonesa he rides a Japanese motorbike;
    corre con un coche italiano he drives an Italian car
    4. [conductor] to drive fast;
    no corras tanto, que vamos a tener un accidente slow down o stop driving so fast, we're going to have an accident
    5. [vehículo]
    el nuevo modelo corre todavía más the new model is o goes even faster;
    esta moto no corre nada this motorbike can't go very fast at all
    6. [fluido] [río] to flow;
    [agua del grifo] to run;
    la sangre corre por las venas blood flows through the veins;
    deja correr el agua (del grifo) leave the Br tap o US faucet running
    7. [viento] to blow;
    corría una ligera brisa there was a gentle breeze, a gentle breeze was blowing
    8. [el tiempo, las horas] to pass, to go by;
    esta última semana ha pasado corriendo this last week has flown by
    9. [transcurrir]
    corría el principio de siglo cuando… it was around the turn of the century when…;
    en los tiempos que corren nadie tiene un trabajo seguro no one is safe in their job these days o in this day and age
    10. [noticia] to spread;
    corre el rumor de que… there's a rumour going about that…
    11. [encargarse de]
    correr con [los gastos] to bear;
    [la cuenta] to pay;
    la organización de la cumbre corrió a cargo de las Naciones Unidas the United Nations organized the summit, the United Nations took care of the organization of the summit;
    la comida corre a cargo de la empresa the meal is on the company;
    esta ronda corre de mi cuenta this round is on me, this is my round
    12. [sueldo, renta] to be payable;
    el alquiler corre desde principios de cada mes the rent is payable at the beginning of each month
    13. [venderse] to sell;
    este vino corre a diez euros la botella this wine sells for ten euros a bottle
    14. Informát [uso crítico] to run;
    el nuevo sistema operativo no correrá en modelos antiguos the new operating system won't run on older models
    ♦ vt
    1. [prueba, carrera] [a pie, a caballo] to run;
    [en coche, moto] to take part in;
    corrió los 100 metros he ran the 100 metres;
    correrá el Tour de Francia he will be riding in the Tour de France
    2. [mover] [mesa, silla] to move o pull up;
    corre la cabeza, que no veo move your head out of the way, I can't see
    3. [cerrar] [cortinas] to draw, to close;
    [llave] to turn;
    correr el cerrojo o [m5] pestillo to bolt the door/gate/ etc
    4. [abrir] [cortinas] to draw, to open
    5. [experimentar]
    correr aventuras to have adventures;
    correr peligro to be in danger;
    si dejas la caja ahí, corre el peligro de que alguien tropiece con ella if you leave the box there, (there's a danger o risk that) someone might trip over it;
    correr el riesgo de (hacer) algo to run the risk of (doing) sth;
    no quiero correr ningún riesgo I don't want to take any risks;
    no sabemos la suerte que correrá el proyecto we don't know what is to become of the project, we don't know what the project's fate will be;
    no se sabe todavía qué suerte han corrido los desaparecidos the fate of the people who are missing is still unknown
    6. [noticia] to spread;
    corrieron el rumor sobre su dimisión they spread the rumour of her resignation;
    correr la voz to pass it on
    7. [pintura, colores]
    la lluvia corrió la capa de pintura the rain made the paint run
    8. Informát [uso crítico] [programa, aplicación] to run;
    no consigo correr este programa I can't get this program to run properly
    9. Com to auction, to sell at auction
    10. Taurom [torear] to fight
    11. Am Fam [despedir] to throw out
    12. Am Fam [ser válido] to be in use;
    las ideas progresistas allá no corren progressive ideas don't get much of a hearing there
    13. Am [perseguir] to chase (after);
    los perros iban corriendo a la liebre the dogs chased after the hare
    14. Méx, Ven [funcionar] to be running;
    hoy no corren los trenes the trains aren't running today
    15. Comp
    Fam
    correrla to go out on the town;
    RP Fam
    correr la coneja to scrimp and save
    * * *
    I v/i
    1 run;
    a todo correr at top speed
    2 ( apresurarse) rush
    3 de tiempo pass
    4 de agua run, flow
    5 fig
    :
    correr con los gastos pay the expenses;
    correr con algo meet the cost of sth;
    correr a cargo de alguien be s.o.’s responsibility, be down to s.o. fam II v/t
    1 run
    2 cortinas draw; mueble slide, move
    3
    :
    correr la misma suerte suffer the same fate
    * * *
    correr vi
    1) : to run, to race
    2) : to rush
    3) : to flow
    correr vt
    1) : to travel over, to cover
    2) : to move, to slide, to roll, to draw (curtains)
    3)
    correr un riesgo : to run a risk
    * * *
    correr vb
    1. (en general) to run [pt. ran; pp. run]
    2. (darse prisa) to hurry [pt. & pp. hurried] / to rush
    ¡corre! hurry up!
    3. (vehículo) to go fast
    ¡cómo corre este coche! this car goes really fast!
    4. (conducir) to drive fast [pt. drove; pp. driven]
    5. (noticia, etc) to go round
    6. (mover) to move
    ¿correrás la carrera? will you compete in the race?
    correr con los gastos to meet the costs [pt. & pp. met]
    correr el pestillo / correr el cerrojo to bolt the door
    correr la cortina to draw the curtain [pt. drew; pp. drawn]
    correr un riesgo to run a risk [pt. ran; pp. run]

    Spanish-English dictionary > correr

  • 11 Westinghouse, George

    [br]
    b. 6 October 1846 Central Bridge, New York, USA
    d. 12 March 1914 New York, New York, USA
    [br]
    American inventor and entrepreneur, pioneer of air brakes for railways and alternating-current distribution of electricity.
    [br]
    George Westinghouse's father was an ingenious manufacturer of agricultural implements; the son, after a spell in the Union Army during the Civil War, and subsequently in the Navy as an engineer, went to work for his father. He invented a rotary steam engine, which proved impracticable; a rerailing device for railway rolling stock in 1865; and a cast-steel frog for railway points, with longer life than the cast-iron frogs then used, in 1868–9. During the same period Westinghouse, like many other inventors, was considering how best to meet the evident need for a continuous brake for trains, i.e. one by which the driver could apply the brakes on all vehicles in a train simultaneously instead of relying on brakesmen on individual vehicles. By chance he encountered a magazine article about the construction of the Mont Cenis Tunnel, with a description of the pneumatic tools invented for it, and from this it occurred to him that compressed air might be used to operate the brakes along a train.
    The first prototype was ready in 1869 and the Westinghouse Air Brake Company was set up to manufacture it. However, despite impressive demonstration of the brake's powers when it saved the test train from otherwise certain collision with a horse-drawn dray on a level crossing, railways were at first slow to adopt it. Then in 1872 Westinghouse added to it the triple valve, which enabled the train pipe to charge reservoirs beneath each vehicle, from which the compressed air would apply the brakes when pressure in the train pipe was reduced. This meant that the brake was now automatic: if a train became divided, the brakes on both parts would be applied. From then on, more and more American railways adopted the Westinghouse brake and the Railroad Safety Appliance Act of 1893 made air brakes compulsory in the USA. Air brakes were also adopted in most other parts of the world, although only a minority of British railway companies took them up, the remainder, with insular reluctance, preferring the less effective vacuum brake.
    From 1880 Westinghouse was purchasing patents relating to means of interlocking railway signals and points; he combined them with his own inventions to produce a complete signalling system. The first really practical power signalling scheme, installed in the USA by Westinghouse in 1884, was operated pneumatically, but the development of railway signalling required an awareness of the powers of electricity, and it was probably this that first led Westinghouse to become interested in electrical processes and inventions. The Westinghouse Electric Company was formed in 1886: it pioneered the use of electricity distribution systems using high-voltage single-phase alternating current, which it developed from European practice. Initially this was violently opposed by established operators of direct-current distribution systems, but eventually the use of alternating current became widespread.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Légion d'honneur. Order of the Crown of Italy. Order of Leopold.
    Bibliography
    Westinghouse took out some 400 patents over forty-eight years.
    Further Reading
    H.G.Prout, 1922, A Life of "George Westinghouse", London (biography inclined towards technicalities).
    F.E.Leupp, 1918, George Westinghouse: His Life and Achievements, Boston (London 1919) (biography inclined towards Westinghouse and his career).
    J.F.Stover, 1961, American Railroads, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 152–4.
    PJGR

    Biographical history of technology > Westinghouse, George

  • 12 Hetzel, Max

    [br]
    b. 5 March 1921 Basle, Switzerland
    [br]
    Swiss electrical engineer who invented the tuning-fork watch.
    [br]
    Hetzel trained as an electrical engineer at the Federal Polytechnic in Zurich and worked for several years in the field of telecommunications before joining the Bulova Watch Company in 1950. At that time several companies were developing watches with electromagnetically maintained balances, but they represented very little advance on the mechanical watch and the mechanical switching mechanism was unreliable. In 1952 Hetzel started work on a much more radical design which was influenced by a transistorized tuning-fork oscillator that he had developed when he was working on telecommunications. Tuning forks, whose vibrations were maintained electromagnetically, had been used by scientists during the nineteenth century to measure small intervals of time, but Niaudet- Breguet appears to have been the first to use a tuning fork to control a clock. In 1866 he described a mechanically operated tuning-fork clock manufactured by the firm of Breguet, but it was not successful, possibly because the fork did not compensate for changes in temperature. The tuning fork only became a precision instrument during the 1920s, when elinvar forks were maintained in vibration by thermionic valve circuits. Their primary purpose was to act as frequency standards, but they might have been developed into precision clocks had not the quartz clock made its appearance very shortly afterwards. Hetzel's design was effectively a miniaturized version of these precision devices, with a transistor replacing the thermionic valve. The fork vibrated at a frequency of 360 cycles per second, and the hands were driven mechanically from the end of one of the tines. A prototype was working by 1954, and the watch went into production in 1960. It was sold under the tradename Accutron, with a guaranteed accuracy of one minute per month: this was a considerable improvement on the performance of the mechanical watch. However, the events of the 1920s were to repeat themselves, and by the end of the decade the Accutron was eclipsed by the introduction of quartz-crystal watches.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Neuchâtel Observatory Centenary Prize 1958. Swiss Society for Chronometry Gold Medal 1988.
    Bibliography
    "The history of the “Accutron” tuning fork watch", 1969, Swiss Watch \& Jewellery Journal 94:413–5.
    Further Reading
    R.Good, 1960, "The Accutron", Horological Journal 103:346–53 (for a detailed technical description).
    J.D.Weaver, 1982, Electrical \& Electronic Clocks \& Watches, London (provides a technical description of the tuning-fork watch in its historical context).
    DV

    Biographical history of technology > Hetzel, Max

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